reference documentation on 惯用语

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Lettris

Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. Each square carries a letter. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares.

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Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame !

English dictionary
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see also

惯用语 (n.)

合乎习惯用法的, 惯用的

 
synonyms

惯用语 (n.)

成语, 習慣用法  (Chinois trad.)

 
analogic tree

惯用语 (n.)

 
Wikipedia

惯用语

维基百科,自由的百科全书

惯用语是口语中一种短小定型,意义有所引申的习用性短语。惯用语大都是“三字格”,极少四字或以上的。它是用比喻或引申的方法表示意义,因此不可就字面推断意义。惯用语的表现力十分强,贬义居多,使用时要注意场合,不可以滥用。

语法构成

  • 动宾结构:

惯用语多数的是动宾结构的,即前面是一个动词,后面一个是名词组成的。例如:拍马屁、敲竹杠、泼冷水、耍花招等。

  • 偏正结构:

偏正结构也是惯用语较多的一种形式。例如:替罪羊、耳边风、糊涂虫、绊脚石等。

  • 主谓结构:

主谓(陈述)结构在惯用语中存在不多。例如:天晓得,鬼画符、嘴巴软等。

  • 并列结构:

惯用语中还存在少量并列结构的。如:马大哈、丁是丁卯是卯。

特点

简明生动,通俗易懂,是惯用语的主要特征。惯用语还有一定的灵活性,大多可以拆开嵌入别的成份,有些内部语素可以适当改动,还有可以颠倒语序。

嵌入别的成分:

  • 敲竹杠--敲他的竹杠
  • 吃老本--吃惯了老本--吃尽了老本;
  • 碰钉子--碰了个大钉子--碰了个小钉子--碰了个软钉子--碰了个臭钉子;
  • 摆架子--摆官架子--摆娘娘架子--摆臭架子。

内部语素作替换改动:

  • 耳边风--耳旁风;
  • 敲竹杠--敲竹棍;
  • 泼冷水--浇冷水;
  • 拍马屁--拍在马腿上了。

颠倒语序:

  • 耳朵软--软耳朵;
  • 走后门--后门不能走--后门走了不少

与成语的区别

惯用语与成语具有相似的地方,但它们的区别也很大:

  • 惯用语多为三字格,成语多为四字格;
  • 惯用语口语色彩较浓厚,通俗平易,含义比较单纯,成语则书面语色彩较重,格调典雅,含义丰富;
  • 惯用语在感情色彩上贬义居多,还有少量中性,褒义的几乎没有,成语的感情色彩有褒有贬;
  • 惯用语的语法构成上大多为动宾结构,其次还有较多的编正结构,其它结构的很沙,成语的语法结构包罗万象;
  • 惯用语的定型性较差,成语的定型性较强,内部结构不般不能改动。

语言单位

基本单位:語素 | 词 | 词组 | 句 | 段 | 篇 | 章
熟语:惯用语 | 成语 | 歇后语 | 谚语 | 格言

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Licence : Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

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