reference documentation on 风筝

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 synonyms   phrases   example   wikipedia   Ebay   translations 
 
synonyms

风筝 (n.)

風箏  (Chinois trad.)

 
phrases
 
Wikipedia

风筝

维基百科,自由的百科全书

北京传统的沙燕风筝
北京传统的沙燕风筝

风筝,亦称风琴纸鹞鹞子纸鸢(例:《村居》〔清〕高鼎 草长莺飞二月天,拂堤杨柳醉春烟。儿童散学归来早,忙趁东风放纸鸢。),閩南語稱風吹。风筝是一种比空气重的,能够借助风力在空中漂浮的制品。晚唐,人们在纸鸢上加哨子,其鸣如筝如琴,故称“风筝”或“风琴”。现代以风筝,风琴作为统称,包括没有哨子的纸鸢。

目录

  • 1 起源与分类
  • 2 製作風箏材料
  • 3 操作原理
    • 3.1 揚力作用
  • 4 参见

起源与分类

风筝起源于中国,中国风筝有悠久的历史,据说汉朝大将韩信曾利用风筝进行测量。梁武帝时曾利用风筝传信,但未成功。南北朝有人背着风筝从高处跳下而没有跌死。唐朝的张丕被围困时曾利用风筝传信求救兵,取得了成功。这些说明,中国风筝的历史至少有2000多年了。从唐朝开始,风筝逐渐变成玩具。到了晚唐,风筝上已有用丝条或竹笛作成的响器,风吹声鸣,因而有了“风筝”的名字。也有人说“风筝”这名字起源于五代,从李邺用纸糊风筝,并在它上面装竹笛开始。

中国传统的风筝一般分为硬翅、软翅、板子、串子、立体(筒形)等几类,按地域和风格又分为潍坊、天津、南通、北京等地方特色的风筝。全国最大的风筝制造地在山东的潍坊,被称为世界风筝之都,每年举办风筝会,2005年还有举办风筝锦标赛。

製作風箏材料

风筝骨的材料一般是竹片。现在也有用其他化合材料的。

风筝面的材料一般有纸、绢、尼龙布、塑料膜等。纸和绢的更为传统,着色鲜艳亮丽,充分体现了中国风筝的魅力;但是纸容易破,绢太贵。尼龙布和塑料膜是科学发展的产物,属于制造风筝的新材料,价格便宜又坚固耐用,可以大批生产。

操作原理

众所周知,风筝上天有两个必要的条件:

  1. 风筝要在有风的天气下,风筝才能放飞
  2. 风筝都得有提线的牵引,“断线的风筝”在短暂的飘远之后必定会掉下来

揚力作用

揚力的产生:

风筝在空中受风,空气会分成上下流层。通过风筝下层的空气受风筝面的阻塞,空气的流速减低,气压升高;上层的空气流通舒畅,流速增强,致使气压减低;扬力即是由这种气压之差而产生的,这正是风筝能够上升的原因。


以上可知,扬力的产生有2个要素:1. 风力;2. 牵引力;这就解释了开头提出的问题。


在风力、牵引力和由此产生的扬力三个力的作用下,风筝在空中基本上是达到受力平衡的。

风筝在空中的受力图:

Image:风筝受力.png

风力的方向基本上是水平方向,而风筝受风的角度和上扬力的大小,可以由提线方便地控制。几次练习后放风筝者会很快掌握控制风筝的技巧:

放风筝的时候,一般是一抽一放。

抽的时候,因为风筝提线一般放在风筝面靠上的位置,加大牵引力可以控制风筝角度变小,上扬力增加,风筝稳步上升;

放的时候,即平衡的风筝牵引力变小,在风力和扬力的合力作用下,风筝会飞高飞远,但是必须很快又抽,以再次保持风筝的角度稳定。

风力正盛的时候可以多放线,当风力稍有下降,就收一些线。

参见

  • 鹞形
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