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Wikipedia
Abbas al-Musawi
| Abbas al Musawi | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1952 al-Nabi Shayth |
| Died | 16 February 1992 (aged 40) Southern Lebanon |
| Nationality | Lebanese |
| Occupation | Cleric |
| Years active | 1978-1992 |
| Religion | Shia |
Abbas al Musawi (Arabic: عباس الموسوي; c. 1952 – 16 February 1992) was an influential Shia cleric and co-founder and Secretary General of Hezbollah. He was killed by Israeli forces in 1992.
Contents |
Early life and education
Al Musawi was born in the village of al-Nabi Shayth in the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon in around 1952.[1] He spent eight years studying theology in a religious school in al-Najaf, Iraq, where he was deeply influenced by the views of Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.[1]
Activities
Al Musawi returned to Lebanon in 1978. Along with Subhi al Tufayli he spearheaded the formation of Hezbollah movement and militia in the Beqaa Valley in 1982, one of the three major areas of Shia population in Lebanon.[2] From 1983 to 1985 he is reported to have served as operational head of the Hezbollah Special Security Apparatus. From late 1985 until April 1988 he was head of Hezbollah's military wing, the Islamic Resistance.[3][4][5][6]
According to some reports, al Musawi was responsible for the abduction of Lt. Col William Higgins while commander of Hezbollah's Islamic Resistance, (military wing).[7] and [8]
In 1991 The Hezbollah had entered a new era with the end of the both the Iran–Iraq War and Lebanese Civil War, the Ta'if Agreement and the release of the Kuwait 17 bombers. A new leader was thought to be needed to facilitate the release of the Western hostages held by Hezbollah and more importantly to shift Hezbollah's focus to resistance activity against Israel.
In May 1991, Hezbollah chose al Musawi as its secretary-general. As a former head of both the Security Apparatus (considered the instigator of hostage taking) and the military wing of Hezbollah, al Musawi was well qualified for this post.[9]
Al Musawi replaced the non-flexible Sheikh Subhi al-Tufayli and promised Hezbollah would "wipe out every trace of Israel in Palestine." He described Israel as "the cancer of the Middle East." Al Musawi also promised to "intensify [Hezbollah] military, political and popular action in order to undermine the peace-talks." [10] He did not support entering mainstream politics.[11]
Assassination
On 16 February 1992, Israeli Apache helicopters fired missiles at the motorcade of al Musawi in southern Lebanon, killing al Musawi, his wife, son, and four others.[12] Israel said the attack had been planned as an assassination attempt. In retaliation, the Islamic Jihad Organization carried out the Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires.[13] After the attack, the Islamic Jihad Organization declared that it was carried out for the revenge of the martyr infant Hussein, al Musawi's five year-old son, who had been killed with his father.[14] Later it was revealed by Dieter Bednarz and Ronen Bergman that the original plan of Israel had been just to abduct al Musawi to realize the release of Israeli prisoners.[13] However, Ehud Barak, then Israeli chief of staff, convinced then Israeli Prime Minister Shamir to order the his assassination.[13]
Al Musawi was succeeded as Secretary General of Hezbollah by Hassan Nasrallah.[11] Dieter Bednarz and Ronen Bergman argue that assassination of al Musawi led to changes in the course of Middle Eastern history.[13]
References
- ^ a b "Abbās al-Mūsawī". Encyclopedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399459/Abbas-al-Musawi. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- ^ Ranstorp, Magnus, Hizb'allah in Lebanon : The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, New York, St. Martins Press, (1997), p.46
- ^ Foreign Report, 30 July 1987
- ^ Ha'aretz, 2 October 1987
- ^ al-Hayat, 27 November 1989
- ^ Independent, 7 March 1990
- ^ Jerusalem Post, 21 February 1988
- ^ Ha'aretz, 28 February 1989
- ^ Ranstorp, Hizb'allah, (1997), p.105
- ^ Middle East International, November 8, 1991
- ^ a b Simon, Kevin (2012). "Hezbollah: Terror in Context". Olin College of Engineering. http://digitalcommons.olin.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=ahs_capstone_2012&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bcivil%2Bwar%2Band%2Bpolitical%2Bpersonas%26btnG%3D%26as_sdt%3D1%252C5%26as_sdtp%3D#search=%22lebanese%20civil%20war%20political%20personas%22. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
- ^ Luft, Gal (2003). "The Logic of Israel's Targeted Killing". The Middle East Quarterly 10 (1): 3-13. http://www.meforum.org/515/the-logic-of-israels-targeted-killing. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d Dieter Bednarz; Ronen Bergman (17 January 2011). "Mossad Zeros in on Tehran's Nuclear Program". Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/israel-s-shadowy-war-on-iran-mossad-zeros-in-on-tehran-s-nuclear-program-a-739883-3.html. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- ^ Long, William R. (19 March 1992). "Islamic Jihad Says It Bombed Embassy; Toll 21". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1992-03-19/news/mn-5905_1_islamic-jihad. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
External links
| Preceded by Subhi Tufayli |
Secretary-General of Hezbollah 1991-1992 |
Succeeded by Hassan Nasrallah |
