Briançon
Briançon
Location within Provence-A.-C.d'A. region  Briançon
Administration
Country	France
Region	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department	Hautes-Alpes
Arrondissement	Briançon
Intercommunality	Briançon
Mayor	Gérard Fromm (2009–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	1,167–2,540 m (3,829–8,330 ft)
Land area1	28.07 km2 (10.84 sq mi)
Population2	11,645  (2008)
- Density	415 /km2 (1,070 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	05023/ 05100
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Coordinates: 44°53′47″N 6°38′08″E / 44.8964°N 6.6356°E / 44.8964; 6.6356

Briançon (Latin: Brigantium) a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.

At an altitude of 1,326 metres it is the highest city in the European Union, based on the French definition as a community containing more than 2,000 inhabitants. Briançon's most recent population estimate is 11,645.

Briançon is built on a plateau nucleated around the confluence of the Durance and the Guisane rivers.

  History

Briançon was the Brigantium of the Romans and formed part of the kingdom of King Cottius. Brigantium was marked as the first place in Gallia after Alpis Cottia (Mont Genèvre). At Brigantium the road branched, to the west through Grenoble to Vienna (modern Vienne), on the Rhone; to the south through Ebrodunum (modern Embrun), to Vapincum (modern Gap). Both the Antonine Itinerary and the Table give the route from Brigantium to Vapincum. The Table places Brigantium 6 M.P. from Alpis Cottia. Strabo^[1] mentions the village Brigantium, and on a road to Alpis Cottia, but his words are obscure. Ptolemy mentions Brigantium as within the limits of the Segusini, or people of Segusio (modern Susa), in Piedmont; but it seems, as D'Anville observes, to be beyond the natural limits of the Segusini. Walckenaer (vol. i. p. 540) justifies Ptolemy in this matter by supposing that he follows a description of Italy made before the new divisions of Augustus, which we know from Pliny. Walckenaer also supports his justification of Ptolemy by the Jerusalem Itinerary, which makes the Alpes Cottiae commence at Rama (near modern La Roche-de-Rame) between Embrun and Briançon.

  The citadel of Briançon.

In the 1040s it came into the hands of the counts of Albon (later dauphins of the Viennois) and thenceforth shared the fate of the Dauphiné. The Briançonnais included not merely the upper valley of the Durance (with those of its affluents, the Gyronde and the Guil), but also the valley of the Dora Riparia (Césanne, Oulx, Bardonnèche and Exilles), and that of the Chisone (Fénestrelles, Pérouse, Pragelas)—these glens all lying on the eastern slope of the chain of the Alps. But by the treaty of Utrecht (1713) all these valleys were handed over to Savoy in exchange for that of Barcelonnette, on the west slope of the Alps. In 1815 Briançon successfully withstood a siege of three months at the hands of the Allies, a feat which is commemorated by an inscription on one of its gates, Le passé répond de l'avenir.

  Main sights

The historical centre is a strongly fortified town, built by Vauban to defend the region from Austrians in the 17th century. Its streets are very steep and narrow, though picturesque. Briançon lies at the foot of the descent from the Col de Montgenèvre, giving access to Turin, so a great number of other fortifications have been constructed on the heights around it, especially towards the east. The Fort Janus is no less than 1,200 m. above the town.

The parish church, with its two towers, was built 1703-1726, and occupies a very conspicuous position.

The Pont d'Asfeld, east of the town, was built in 1734, and forms an arch of 40 m span, thrown at a height of 56 m across the Durance.

The modern town extends in the plain at the southwest foot of the plateau on which the old town is built and forms the suburb of Ste Catherine.

Briançon is located close to the Parc National des Ecrins.

On 8 July 2008, several buildings of Briançon were classified by the UNESCO as World Heritage Sites, as part of the "Fortifications of Vauban" group. These buildings are: the city walls, Redoute des Salettes, Fort des Trois-Têtes, Fort du Randouillet, ouvrage de la communication Y and the Asfeld Bridge. Along with Briançon, 11 other sites of fortified buildings in France were classified. Among them is the place-forte of Mont-Dauphin, also in the Hautes-Alpes department. These pieces of art were designed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707), a military engineer of King Louis XIV.

  People

The following people were either born in Briançon or lived there for a significant portion of their lives.

• Emilie Carles (1900–1979), author
• Oronce Fine (1494–1555), mathematician and cartographer
• Luc Alphand (born 1965), Alpine ski race
• Jules Melquiond (born 1941), Alpine ski racer
• Henry Bréchu (born 1947), Alpine ski racer
• Benjamin Melquiond (born 1975), Alpine ski racer
• Starting with Jacques Challiol, members of the Challiol family served as the Vice Bailiffs of the region of Briançonnais for more than 400 years.
• Nicolas Bonnet (born 1984), ski mountaineer and runner.
• Laure Barthélémy (born 1988), cross-country skier.

  Sister cities

Briançon is twinned with:

• Rosenheim, Germany
• Susa, Italy

  Sport

  Ice hockey

The Diables Rouges de Briançon play in the Ligue Magnus, the French top league.

  Cycling

Briançon has often hosted starts and finishes of stages of the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Dauphiné Libéré

As Briançon has regularly featured as a stage town in the Tour de France, it is a popular base for cyclists. Since 1947, the town has been the start point for a stage of the Tour 22 times, and has also been a stage finish 22 times.

In 2007, the town was the finish of the 159.5 km (99.1 mi) stage 9 on 17 July from Val-d'Isère crossing the Col de l'Iseran, the Col du Télégraphe and the Col du Galibier with a 37 km (23 mi) downhill finish to Briançon.

  Kayaking

Briançon is situated around the confluence of the Durance river and its tributary the Guisane which are fed with snow melt in the Spring. Tourists come from around Europe to kayak and raft on the resultant whitewater rivers and their tributaries, including the Onde, the Gyronde, the Guil, the Rabioux, the Ubaye and others; often basing themselves in Briançon.

Popular whitewater rivers in the Alps are mainly medium volume glacier-fed rivers with long continuous rapids and few big drops. The season is short (two or three months in early summer when the snow and glaciers are melting) but the whitewater is reliable during this period.

  Skiing

Briançon is the base and lowest altitude station of the large Serre Chevalier ski resort. Most of the town's accommodation is used exclusively in the winter season, the population tripling during that period.

  See also

• Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department

  References

• INSEE

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–57). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. 

  External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Briançon

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Briançon.

• About the city of Briançon (French), (German)
• Tourist office website (French)
• Unofficial town website (French)
• Webpage about the fortifications
• Briançon dans le Tour de France
• Photos

Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department Abriès Agnières-en-Dévoluy Aiguilles Ancelle Antonaves L'Argentière-la-Bessée Arvieux Aspremont Aspres-lès-Corps Aspres-sur-Buëch Avançon Baratier Barcillonnette Barret-sur-Méouge La Bâtie-Montsaléon La Bâtie-Neuve La Bâtie-Vieille La Beaume Bénévent-et-Charbillac Le Bersac Bréziers Briançon Bruis Buissard Ceillac Cervières Chabestan Chabottes Champcella Champoléon Chanousse La Chapelle-en-Valgaudémar Châteauneuf-de-Chabre Châteauneuf-d'Oze Châteauroux-les-Alpes Châteauvieux Château-Ville-Vieille Chauffayer Chorges La Cluse Les Costes Crévoux Crots Embrun Éourres L'Épine Esparron Espinasses Étoile-Saint-Cyrice Eygliers Eyguians La Fare-en-Champsaur La Faurie Forest-Saint-Julien Fouillouse Freissinières La Freissinouse Furmeyer Gap Le Glaizil La Grave Guillestre La Haute-Beaume Les Infournas Jarjayes Lagrand Laragne-Montéglin Lardier-et-Valença Laye Lazer Lettret Manteyer Méreuil Molines-en-Queyras Monêtier-Allemont Le Monêtier-les-Bains Montbrand Montclus Mont-Dauphin Montgardin Montgenèvre Montjay Montmaur Montmorin Montrond La Motte-en-Champsaur Moydans Neffes Névache Nossage-et-Bénévent Le Noyer Orcières Orpierre Les Orres Oze Pelleautier Pelvoux La Piarre Le Poët Poligny Prunières Puy-Saint-André Puy-Saint-Eusèbe Puy-Saint-Pierre Puy-Saint-Vincent Puy-Sanières Rabou Rambaud Réallon Remollon Réotier Ribeyret Ribiers Risoul Ristolas Rochebrune La Roche-de-Rame La Roche-des-Arnauds La Rochette Rosans Rousset Saint-André-d'Embrun Saint-André-de-Rosans Saint-Apollinaire Saint-Auban-d'Oze Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur Saint-Chaffrey Saint-Clément-sur-Durance Saint-Crépin Saint-Disdier Sainte-Colombe Sainte-Marie Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy Saint-Étienne-le-Laus Saint-Eusèbe-en-Champsaur Saint-Firmin Saint-Genis Saint-Jacques-en-Valgodemard Saint-Jean-Saint-Nicolas Saint-Julien-en-Beauchêne Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur Saint-Laurent-du-Cros Saint-Léger-les-Mélèzes Saint-Martin-de-Queyrières Saint-Maurice-en-Valgodemard Saint-Michel-de-Chaillol Saint-Pierre-Avez Saint-Pierre-d'Argençon Saint-Sauveur Saint-Véran Le Saix Saléon Salérans La Salle-les-Alpes La Saulce Le Sauze-du-Lac Savines-le-Lac Savournon Serres Sigottier Sigoyer Sorbiers Tallard Théus Trescléoux Upaix Val-des-Prés Vallouise Valserres Vars Ventavon Veynes Les Vigneaux Villar-d'Arêne Villar-Loubière Villar-Saint-Pancrace Vitrolles