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Cyril Norman Hinshelwood

Nobel per la chimica 1956

Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (Londra, 19 giugno 1897 – Londra, 9 ottobre 1967) è stato un chimico britannico, premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1956.

Figlio di Norman Macmillan Hinshelwood, esperto contabile, ed Ethe Frances nata Smith, trasferitosi con la sua famiglia in Canada Cyril Hinshelwood tornò a vivere nel quartiere londinese di Chelsea alla morte del padre avvenuta nel 1905. Qui visse per il resto della sua vita. Studiò alla Westminster City School e successivamente frequentò il Balliol College all'Università di Oxford.

Durante la prima guerra mondiale Hinshelwood lavorò come chimico in una fabbrica di esplosivi. Fu tutor al Trinity College dal 1921 al 1937, anno in cui divenne professore di chimica all'Università di Oxford. Fu consulente del governo britannico riguardo diverse materie di interesse scientifico. Entrò a far parte della Royal Society nel 1929, diventandone presidente dal 1955 al 1960. Fu nominato cavaliere nel 1948 e Ordine al Merito del Regno Unito nel 1960.

I suoi primi studi sulla cinetica molecolare lo portarono a pubblicare i testi Thermodynamics for Students of Chemistry e The Kinetics of Chemical Change nel 1926. Con Harold Warris Thompson studiò la reazione esplosiva tra idrogeno e ossigeno e descrisse il fenomeno della relativa reazione a catena. Il suo lavoro successivo sui cambiamenti chimici nella cellula batterica fu di grande importanza per il futuro sviluppo di antibiotici e agenti terapeutici; pubblicò The Chemical Kinetics of the Bacterial Cell nel 1946 e in seguito Growth, Function and Regulation in Bacterial Cells nel 1966. Nel 1951 pubblicò The Structure of Physical Chemistry.

Insieme col sovietico Nikolaj Semënov, Hinshelwood ricevette nel 1956 il premio Nobel per la chimica grazie ai suoi studi sui meccanismi delle reazioni chimiche. Sir Cyril fu insignito anche di molti altri premi e onorificenze.

Cyril Hinshelwood non si sposò mai. Parlava fluentemente diverse lingue e i suoi principali passatempi erano la pittura, la letteratura straniera e collezionare vasi cinesi. Morì nella sua città natale il 9 ottobre 1967.

Opere

Cyril Hinshelwood, Thermodynamics for Students of Chemistry, 1926
Cyril Hinshelwood, The Kinetics of Chemical Change, 1926
Cyril Hinshelwood, The Chemical Kinetics of the Bacterial Cell, 1946
Cyril Hinshelwood, The Structure of Physical Chemistry, 1951
Cyril Hinshelwood, Growth, Function and Regulation in Bacterial Cells, 1966

Onorificenze

	Membro dell'Ordine al Merito del Regno Unito

Bibliografia

C. F. Cullis (1967). Obituary: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, KT., O.M., M.A., D.SC., F.R.S., 1897–1967. Journal of the Chemical Society: X001 - X002. DOI:10.1039/JR945000X001.
Harold Thompson (1973). Cyril Norman Hinshelwood. 1897-1967. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 19: 374-431.
J. S. Rowlinson (2004). The wartime work of Hinshelwood and his colleagues. Science 58 (2): 161-175. DOI:10.1098/rsnr.2004.0050.

Voci correlate

Meccanismo di Lindemann-Hinshelwood

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) Biografia di Cyril Hinshelwood sul sito ufficiale del Premio Nobel

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
Vincitori per paese • in ordine alfabetico • in ordine cronologico
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford (1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner, John Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels, Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin, Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz, John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton, Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Stein (1972) • E. O. Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown, Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger (1980) • Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert Hauptman, Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman, Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis, Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer, John Ernest Walker, Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn, John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn, Kōichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011)

V · D · M

Vincitori della Medaglia Leverhulme (Royal Society)

Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1960) • Archer John Porter Martin (1963) • Alec Arnold Constantine Issigonis (1966) • Hans Kronberger (1969) • John Bertram Adams (1972) • Francis Leslie Rose (1975) • Frederick Edward Warner (1978) • Stanley George Hooker (1981) • John Frank Davidson (1984) • George William Gray (1987) • R. Freeman (1990) • John Rowlinson (1993) • M. M. Sharma (1996) • Jack Baldwin (1999) • Nicholas Handy (2002) • John Knott (2005) • Anthony Cheetham (2008) • Martyn Poliakoff (2010)

V · D · M

Vincitori della Medaglia Davy (Royal Society)

Robert Bunsen, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1877) • Louis Paul Cailletet, Raoul Pictet (1878) • Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879) • Charles Friedel (1880) • Adolf von Baeyer (1881) • Dmitri Mendeleev, Lothar Meyer (1882) • Marcellin Berthelot, Julius Thomsen (1883) • Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1884) • Jean Servais Stas (1885) • Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1886) • John A. R. Newlands (1887) • William Crookes (1888) • William Henry Perkin (1889) • Hermann Emil Fischer (1890) • Victor Meyer (1891) • François-Marie Raoult (1892) • Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Joseph Achille Le Bel (1893) • Per Theodor Cleve (1894) • William Ramsay (1895) • Henri Moissan (1896) • John Hall Gladstone (1897) • Johannes Wislicenus (1898) • Edward Schunck (1899) • Guglielmo Koerner (1900) • George Downing Living (1901) • Svante August Arrhenius (1902) • Pierre Curie, Marie Curie (1903) • William Henry Perkin, Jr. (1904) • Albert Ladenburg (1905) • Rudolph Fittig (1906) • Edward Williams Morley (1907) • William A Tilden (1908) • James Dewar (1909) • Theodore William Richards (1910) • Henry Edward Armstrong (1911) • Otto Wallach (1912) • Raphael Meldola (1913) • William Jackson Pope (1914) • Paul Sabatier (1915) • Henri Le Châtelier (1916) • Albin Haller (1917) • F. Stanley Kipping (1918) • Percy Frankland (1919) • Charles T Heycock (1920) • Philippe A. Guye (1921) • Jocelyn Field Thorpe (1922) • Herbert Brereton Baker (1923) • Arthur George Perkin (1924) • James Irvine (1925) • James Walker (1926) • Arthur Amos Noyes (1927) • Frederick George Donnan (1928) • Gilbert Lewis (1929) • Robert Robinson (1930) • Arthur Lapworth (1931) • Richard Willstätter (1932) • William Hobson Mills (1933) • Walter Norman Haworth (1934) • Arthur Harden (1935) • William Arthur Bone (1936) • Hans Fischer (1937) • George Barger (1938) • James William McBain (1939) • Harold Clayton Urey (1940) • Henry Drysdale Dakin (1941) • Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1942) • Ian Morris Heilbron (1943) • Robert Robertson (1944) • Robert Adams (1945) • Christopher Kelk Ingold (1946) • Linus Carl Pauling (1947) • Edmund Langley Hirst (1948) • Alexander Robertus Todd (1949) • John Simonsen (1950) • Eric Rideal (1951) • Alexander Robertson (1952) • John Lennard-Jones (1953) • James Wilfred Cook (1954) • Harry Work Melville (1955) • Robert Downs Haworth (1956) • Kathleen Lonsdale (1957) • Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (1958) • Robert Burns Woodward (1959) • John Monteath Robertson (1960) • Derek Harold Richard Barton (1961) • Harry Julius Emeléus (1962) • Edmund John Bowen (1963) • Melvin Calvin (1964) • Harold Warris Thompson (1965) • Ewart Jones (1966) • Vladimir Prelog (1967) • John Warcup Cornforth, George Joseph Popjak (1968) • Frederick Sydney Dainton (1969) • Charles Alfred Coulson (1970) • George Porter (1971) • Arthur John Birch (1972) • John Stuart Anderson (1973) • James Baddiley (1974) • Theodore Morris Sugden (1975) • Rex Edward Richards (1976) • Alan Rushton Battersby (1977) • Albert Eschenmoser (1978) • Joseph Chatt (1979) • Alan Woodworth Johnson(1980) • Ralph Alexander Raphael (1981) • Michael James Steuart Dewar (1982) • Duilio Arigoni (1983) • Samuel Frederick Edwards (1984) • Jack Lewis (1985) • AG Ogston (1986) • Alec John Jeffreys (1987) • John Pople (1988) • Francis Gordon Albert Stone (1989) • Keith Usherwood Ingold (1990) • JR Knowles (1991) • A. Carrington (1992) • Jack Baldwin (1993) • John Meurig Thomas (1994) • M. L. H. Green (1995) • Geoffrey Wilkinson (1996) • Jean-Marie Lehn (1997) • Alan Roy Fersht (1998) • Malcolm Harold Chisholm (1999) • Steven Victor Ley (2000) • Alastair Ian Scott (2001) • Neil Bartlett (2002) • Roger Parsons (2003) • Takeshi Oka (2004) • Christopher Dobson (2005) • Martin Pope (2006) • John Simmons (2007) • Fraser Stoddart (2008) • Jeremy Sanders (2009) • Carol Vivien Robinson (2010)

V · D · M

Vincitori del Faraday Lectureship Prize (Royal Society of Chemistry)

Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1869) • Stanislao Cannizzaro (1872) • August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1875) • Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1879) • Hermann von Helmholtz (1881) • Dmitri Mendeleev (1889) • Lord Rayleigh (1895) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1904) • Hermann Emil Fischer (1907) • Theodore William Richards (1911) • Svante Arrhenius (1914) • Robert Andrews Millikan (1924) • Richard Willstätter (1927) • Niels Bohr (1930) • P. Debye (1933) • Ernest Rutherford (1936) • Irving Langmuir (1939) • Robert Robinson (1947) • George de Hevesy (1950) • Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1953) • Otto Hahn (1956) • Leopold Ružička (1958) • Christopher Kelk Ingold (1961) • Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (1965) • Charles Coulson (1968) • Gerhard Herzberg (1970) • Frederick Dainton (1974) • Manfred Eigen (1977) • George Porter (1980) • John Shipley Rowlinson (1983) • Alan Carrington (1986) • John Meurig Thomas (1989) • Yuan T. Lee (1992) • William Klemperer (1995) • A. David Buckingham (1998) • Richard Zare (2001) • Alexander Pines (2004) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • John Charles Polanyi (2010)

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