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Fort Sam Houston
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Clock tower built in 1870 inside the Quadrangle on Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
Location:	San Antonio, Texas
Built:	1876
Governing body:	United States Army
NRHP Reference#:	75001950
Significant dates
Added to NRHP:	May 15, 1975[1]
Designated NHLD:	May 15, 1975[2]

Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas.^[3] Known colloquially as "Fort Sam," it is named for the first President of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston.

The installation's missions include serving as the command headquarters for the United States Army North (formerly the Fifth United States Army), United States Army South, the Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) headquarters, the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) Center and School, the Fifth Recruiting Brigade, Navy Regional Recruiting, the San Antonio Military Entrance and Processing Station, and the Medical Education and Training Campus (METC). On October 1, 2010, Fort Sam Houston joined Lackland and Randolph Air Force Bases to create Joint Base San Antonio, under Air Force administration.

  Hosted units

U. S. Department of Defense (DoD) Elements

• Medical Education and Training Campus (METC)

United States Military Entrance Processing Command (USMEPCOM) Elements

• MEPS San Antonio

U. S. Army Elements

U.S. Army North (ARNORTH) Elements

• HQ, U.S. Army North (Fifth US Army)

U. S. Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM) Elements

• HQ, U.S. Army IMCOM
• IMCOM West

U. S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) Elements

• HQ, U.S. Army MEDCOM
• U.S. Army Veterinary Command (VETCOM)
• U.S. Army Dental Command (DENCOM)
• Southern Regional Medical Command (SRMC)
  • Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC)
    • Troop Command, Brooke Army Medical Center, HHC & companies A-D
    • Warrior Transition Battalion, Brooke Army Medical Center
• U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR)
• U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School (AMEDDC&S)
  • Academy of Health Sciences
  • 32nd Medical Brigade
    • 187th Medical Battalion, HHD & companies A-D
    • 232d Medical Battalion, HHD & companies A-H
    • 264th Medical Battalion, HHD & companies A-F
    • Training Support Company (TSC)
    • U.S. Army Medical Department Student Detachment
  • Non-Commissioned Officer Academy
  • Defense Medical Readiness Training Institute (DMRTI)
• US Army Medical Information and Technology Center (USAMITC)

U.S. Army South (ARSOUTH) Elements

• HQ, U.S. Army South (Sixth US Army)

U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) Elements

• 106th Signal Brigade
• 5501st US Army Hospital
• 418th Medical Logistics Company
• 591st Medical Logistics Company
• 470th Blood Detachment
• 79th Ordnance Battalion (Explosive Ordinance Disposal)

U.S. Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) Elements

• U.S. Army Fifth Recruiting Brigade
• 5th Brigade, U.S. Army Cadet Command

U.S. Army Contracting Command Elements

• 410th Contracting Support Brigade
• 412th Contracting Support Brigade

U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command

• 6th Region CID Ft. Sam Houston
• 25th Military Police Detachment

U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) Elements

• 470th Military Intelligence Brigade, HHC & companies A-B

U.S. Army Network Enterprise & Technology Command

U.S. Army Environmental Command

U. S. Air Force Elements

• HQ, 502d Air Base Wing
• 502nd Mission Support Group (garrison command, formerly HHC USAG)
• Camp Bullis

  Senior Command

  Line up for chow in camp at Fort Sam Houston

United States Army North is the senior command and responsible for all Army activities on Fort Sam Houston. Commanded by Lt. Gen. William B. Caldwell IV, Army North's primary missions are land-based Homeland Defense, Defense Support of Civil Authorities and Theater Security Cooperation with the Bahamas, Canada and Mexico. Because Fort Sam Houston is part of Joint Base San Antonio, the installation commander is Brig. Gen. Theresa C. Carter, commander of the 502d Air Base Wing.

  Military medicine

Fort Sam Houston is known as the "Home of Army Medicine" and "Home of the Combat Medic." At the end of World War II, the Army decided to make Fort Sam Houston the principal medical training facility.^[4] In conjunction with this decision came the determination to develop Brooke General Hospital into one of the Army's premier medical centers.^[4] This combined the capabilities of Wilford Hall Medical Center located at nearby Lackland Air Force Base to create the largest medical treatment facility and teaching hospital in the Department of Defense. Construction associated with this transition increased the square footage of the hospital by 50%, including a much larger, variable capacity emergency department, additional surgical suites and recovery facilities, as well as teaching facilities and bed space. Despite the installation transitioning to Air Force control, the command and control of the facilty will remain with the Army. The command and other key positions will rotate between the Army and Air Force. Staffing consist of members of both services, as well as a large number of civilians.^[5]

As of 2011, Fort Sam Houston is the largest and most important military medical training facility in the world.^[3][4][6] Military Medical Training is provided by numerous elements, including METC, AMEDD Center and School, Brooke Army Medical Center, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, The Center for Battlefield Health and Trauma, Defense Medical Readiness Training Institute, as well as many smaller organizations.

  Quadrangle Plaza, Fort Sam Houston (postcard, circa 1890-1924)

Known as the brain trust for the Army Medical Department, the Army Medical Department Center and School annually trains more than 25,000 students attending 170 officer, NCO and enlisted courses in 14 medical specialties. The command maintains several academic affiliations for bachelor and masters degree programs with major universities such as Baylor University, University of Texas Health Science Centers at Houston and San Antonio, and University of Nebraska.

As a result of the Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) 2005 recommendations, all military medical training has been consolidated at Fort Sam Houston. This consolidation concluded with the opening of the Military Education and Training Campus (METC) in 2011. The Navy moved its medical training from San Diego, CA, Great Lakes, IL, and Portsmouth, VA. The Air Force moved its medical training from Sheppard Air Force Base, in Wichita Falls, TX. This increased the average student load to more than 9,000 and required additional support staff. This resulted in significant changes in the training footprint on post, requiring construction approaching one billion dollars.^[7]

  Historic buildings

  Illustration from a postcard of the Quadrangle at Fort Sam Houston

Construction at Fort Sam Houston began in the middle 1870s under the supervision of the military commander of the Department of Texas, Major General Edward Ord, a West Point-trained army engineer. Today, as one of the Army's oldest installations, and with more than 900 buildings in its historic districts, Fort Sam Houston boasts one of the largest collection of historic military post structures. The significant contributions of Fort Sam Houston to the United States were recognized in 1975 when the post was designated as a National Historic Landmark.

The Fort Sam Houston Quadrangle, built by George Henry Griebel, is the oldest structure at Fort Sam Houston. It was originally a supply depot, and during that time, it also housed Geronimo and those Apaches captured with him while the Federal government decided whether they were prisoners of war or common criminals. Legend has it that the deer in the Quadrangle were there because Geronimo refused to eat food he did not hunt.^[8] In truth, the deer pre-date Geronimo in the Quadrangle and it is unlikely that the army was concerned with his comfort.^[9] It is unknown why the deer were introduced within the confined courtyard of the Quadrangle.^[8]

The Quadrangle is now an office complex housing the commanding general and staff of U.S. Army North. Even more consequential than the number of buildings is the historical integrity of the post's different sections, which represent different eras of construction, and reflect Army concepts in planning and design. Careful preservation of these areas allows the post to live with its history, surrounded by the traditions established when the first soldier arrived here in 1845.

  United States Government Tower, Fort Sam Houston, (postcard, circa 1906)

  Notable postings

Several famous figures have served at the fort. Maj. Gen. John Wilson Ruckman, Commander of the Southern Department, was based at Fort Sam just after the infamous Houston Riot of 1917. Brig. Gen. Billy Mitchell was posted there after being demoted to Colonel for disobeying orders. Dwight D. Eisenhower was posted to Fort Sam Houston twice during his career. During Eisenhower's first post, from 1915 to 1917, he met and married Mamie Dowd, and was again posted at the fort when the attack on Pearl Harbor occurred in 1941. Their first home is one of the buildings preserved as historic monuments.

  Community connections

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Throughout its existence, a close and harmonious relationship has prevailed between Fort Sam Houston and the City of San Antonio. The two have grown and matured together. The city often has been called the "mother-in-law of the Army" because so many soldiers including Dwight D. Eisenhower, met their future spouses there.

More than 27,000 military and civilian personnel work at the post, with an annual payroll and operating budget of $1.9 billion. Local purchases made by installation activities total almost $105 million annually. Funding for construction projects on post average $30 million annually. Fort Sam Houston has also initiated public–private partnerships to renovate and adaptively reuse significant historic buildings.

In June 2006, the San Antonio Express-News reported that Fort Sam Houston received utility disconnection notices due to budget constraints.^[10]

Fort Sam Houston is one of three military facilities in Texas (all in the San Antonio area) to have its own school district, the Fort Sam Houston Independent School District.

The United States Postal Service operates the Fort Sam Houston Post Office at 1804 Stanley Road.^[11]

  See also

• United States Army Medical Department Museum
• Dodd Army Airfield
• United States Army Medical Department Captains Career Course

  References

  External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fort Sam Houston

• Official Fort Sam Houston Web Site
• Fort Sam Houston Museum
• Fort Sam Houston National Historic Landmark file
• Fort Sam Houston Handbook of Texas Online
• Illustrated postcards depicting Fort Sam Houston at the University of Houston Digital Library

Coordinates: 29°26′56.69″N 98°26′56.04″W / 29.4490806°N 98.4489°W / 29.4490806; -98.4489

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