Frank Billings Kellogg
45th United States Secretary of State
In office March 5, 1925 – March 28, 1929
President	Calvin Coolidge
Preceded by	Charles Evans Hughes
Succeeded by	Henry L. Stimson
Personal details
Born	(1856-12-22)December 22, 1856 Potsdam, New York
Died	December 21, 1937(1937-12-21) (aged 80) St. Paul, Minnesota
Political party	Republican
Profession	Politician, Lawyer

Frank Billings Kellogg (December 22, 1856 – December 21, 1937) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served in the U.S. Senate and as U.S. Secretary of State. He co-authored the Kellogg–Briand Pact, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1929.^[1]

  Biography

Kellogg was born in Potsdam, New York, and his family moved to Minnesota in 1865. He began practicing law in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1877. He was city attorney of Rochester 1878–1881 and county attorney for Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1882–1887. He moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1886.

Kellogg was a self-trained lawyer. During the early 1880s, Theodore Roosevelt appointed Kellogg as a prosecutor in the Justice Department. His most important case was Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911). Following this successful prosecution, he was elected president of the American Bar Association (1912–1913).

Kellogg was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate from Minnesota in 1916 and served from March 4, 1917 to March 4, 1923 in the 65th, 66th, and 67th Congresses. During the ratification battle for the Treaty of Versailles, he was one of the few Republicans who supported ratification. He lost his re-election bid in 1922. He was a delegate to the Fifth International Conference of American States at Santiago, Chile in 1923, and served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Britain from 1923 to 1925.

He was United States Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Calvin Coolidge 1925–1929. In 1928, he was awarded the Freedom of the City in Dublin, Ireland and in 1929 the government of France made him a member of the Legion of Honor.

  Kellogg's former residence in Washington, D.C.

As Secretary of State, he was responsible for improving US-Mexican relations and helping to resolve the long-standing Tacna-Arica controversy between Peru and Chile. His most significant accomplishment however was the Kellogg-Briand Pact, signed in 1928. Proposed by its other namesake, French foreign minister Aristide Briand, the treaty intended to provide for "the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." He was awarded the 1929 Nobel Peace Prize in recognition.

He was associate judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice from 1930 to 1935. In 1937, he endowed the Kellogg Foundation for Education in International Relations at Carleton College where he was a trustee. He died from pneumonia, following a stroke, on the eve of his 81st birthday in St. Paul and was buried in Faribault.

His house in St. Paul, the Frank B. Kellogg House was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1976.^[2]

Kellogg Boulevard in downtown Saint Paul is also named for him.^[3]

Kellogg Middle School in Shoreline, Washington and Rochester, Minnesota are named in his honor,^{[citation needed]} as was Frank B. Kellogg High School (closed 1986) in Roseville, Minnesota.

A Liberty ship, the SS Frank B. Kellogg, was named in his honor.

  Bibliography

  by Kellogg

China's Outstanding Problems. (1925)

  About Kellogg

Bryn-Jones, David. Frank B. Kellogg: A Biography. New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1937. (Reprinted in 2007: ISBN 978-1-4325-8982-0)

Ellis, Lewis Ethan. Frank B. Kellogg and American foreign relations, 1925-1929. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1961.

Ferrell, Robert H. Frank B. Kellogg & Henry L. Stimson: The American Secretaries of State and their diplomacy. Cooper Square Publishers, 1963.

  Papers

Frank B. Kellogg's papers are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society. They include correspondence and miscellaneous papers, State Department duplicates, news clippings scrapbooks, awards, floor plans, honorary degrees, maps, memorials and memoranda.^[4]

  See also

• List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1920s

  References

  External links

• Frank B. Kellogg at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

State Secretaries of the United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs 1781–1789 R. Livingston Jay Secretary of State 1789–present Jefferson Randolph Pickering J. Marshall Madison Smith Monroe Adams Clay Van Buren E. Livingston McLane Forsyth Webster Upshur Calhoun Buchanan Clayton Webster Everett Marcy Cass Black Seward Washburne Fish Evarts Blaine Frelinghuysen Bayard Blaine Foster Gresham Olney Sherman Day Hay Root Bacon Knox Bryan Lansing Colby Hughes Kellogg Stimson Hull Stettinius Byrnes G Marshall Acheson Dulles Herter Rusk Rogers Kissinger Vance Muskie Haig Shultz Baker Eagleburger Christopher Albright Powell Rice Clinton

Cabinet of President Calvin Coolidge (1923–1929) Vice President None (1923–1925) Charles G. Dawes (1925–1929) Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes (1923–1925) Frank B. Kellogg (1925–1929) Secretary of War John W. Weeks (1923–1925) Dwight F. Davis (1925–1929) Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon (1923–1929) Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty (1923–1924) Harlan F. Stone (1924–1925) John G. Sargent (1925–1929) Postmaster General Harry Stewart New (1923–1929) Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby (1923–1924) Curtis D. Wilbur (1924–1929) Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work (1923–1928) Roy Owen West (1928–1929) Secretary of the Agriculture Henry Cantwell Wallace (1923–1924) Howard Mason Gore (1924–1925) William Marion Jardine (1925–1929) Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover (1923–1928) William F. Whiting (1928–1929) Secretary of Labor James J. Davis (1923–1929)

Cabinet of President Herbert Hoover (1929–1933) Vice President Charles Curtis (1929–1933) Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg (1929) Henry L. Stimson (1929–1933) Secretary of War James William Good (1929) Patrick J. Hurley (1929–1933) Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon (1929–1932) Ogden L. Mills (1932–1933) Attorney General William D. Mitchell (1929–1933) Postmaster General Walter Folger Brown (1929–1933) Secretary of the Navy Charles Francis Adams III (1929–1933) Secretary of the Interior Ray Lyman Wilbur (1929–1933) Secretary of the Agriculture Arthur M. Hyde (1929–1933) Secretary of Commerce Robert P. Lamont (1929–1932) Roy D. Chapin (1932–1933) Secretary of Labor James J. Davis (1929–1930) William N. Doak (1930–1933)

United States Senators from Minnesota Class 1 Rice Ramsey McMillan Davis Towne Clapp Kellogg Shipstead Thye McCarthy H. Humphrey M. Humphrey Durenberger Grams Dayton Klobuchar Class 2 Shields Wilkinson Norton Windom Stearns Windom Edgerton Windom Sabin Washburn K. Nelson Johnson Schall Benson Howard Lundeen Ball A. Nelson Ball H. Humphrey Mondale Anderson Boschwitz Wellstone Barkley Coleman Franken

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