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BoggleHeteronym (linguistics)
From Wikipedia
Venn diagram showing the relationships between heteronyms and related linguistic concepts.
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In linguistics, heteronyms (also known as heterophones) are words that are written identically but have different pronunciations and meanings. In other words, they are homographs that are not homophones. Thus, row (propel with oars) and row (argument) are heteronyms, but mean (intend) and mean (average) are not (since they are pronounced the same). Heteronym pronunciation may vary in vowel realisation, in stress pattern (see also Initial-stress-derived noun), or in other ways:
- Do you know what a buck does to does?
- I like to read. In fact, I read a book yesterday.
- Don't desert me here in the desert!
- With every number I read, my mind gets number and number.
Most heteronyms are doubles. Triple heteronyms are extremely rare; an example, sin, is listed below. Proper nouns can sometimes be heteronyms. For example, the final syllable of Oregon is pronounced like the word in by residents of that state in the USA, while in the name of the village of Oregon in Wisconsin, the final syllable is pronounced like the word on. There are also pairs which include both initialisms and regular words, e.g., US and us.[citation needed]
Heteronyms can also occur in non-alphabetic languages. For example, the Chinese character 行 can be pronounced háng, meaning "profession", or xíng, meaning "OK".
"Heterophone" literally just means "different sound", and this term is sometimes applied to words that are just pronounced differently, irrespective of their spelling. Such a definition would obviously include virtually every pair of words in the language, so "heterophone" in this sense is normally restricted to instances where there is some particular reason to highlight the different sound. For example, puns normally involve homophones, but in the case of heterophonic (or imperfect) puns, the two words sound different, and yet similar enough for one to suggest the other (for example, mouth and mouse).
Further examples
| It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of English homographs#Heterophones. (Discuss) |
| Spelling | Pronun. | PoS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| abuse | əˈbjuːs | n. | improper treatment |
| əˈbjuːz | v. | to use improperly | |
| advocate | ˈædvəkeɪt | v. | to argue for someone else |
| ˈædvəkɨt | n. | a person who speaks in support of something | |
| agape | əˈɡeɪp | adv. | open wide |
| ˈæɡəpiː | noun | asexual, spiritual love | |
| alternate | ˈɒltərnət ~ ælˈtɜrnət | adj. | other |
| ˈɒltərneɪt | v. | to take turns | |
| appropriate | əˈproʊpri.ət | adj. | suitable |
| əˈproʊpri.eɪt | v. | to set apart for | |
| attribute | ˈætrɨbjuːt | n. | a characteristic |
| əˈtrɪbjuːt | v. | to associate ownership | |
| axes | ˈæksiːz | n. | pl. of axis |
| ˈæksɨz | n. | pl. of axe | |
| bass | ˈbeɪs | n. | low in pitch |
| ˈbæs | n. | a fish | |
| blessed | ˈblɛsɨd | adj. | having divine aid |
| ˈblɛst | v. | past tense of bless | |
| bow | ˈboʊ | n. | a stringed weapon |
| ˈbaʊ | v. | to bend in respect | |
| n. | the front of a boat or ship | ||
| buffet | bəˈfeɪ ~ ˈbʊfeɪ | n. | sideboard meal |
| ˈbʌfɨt | v. | to strike | |
| close | ˈkloʊz | v. | to shut |
| ˈkloʊs | adj. | nearby | |
| compact | kəmˈpækt | v. | to compress |
| ˈkɒmpækt | adj. | small | |
| conduct | ˈkɒndəkt | n. | action |
| kənˈdʌkt | v. | to lead | |
| console | kənˈsoʊl | v. | provide comfort from grief |
| ˈkɒnsoʊl | n. | control unit | |
| content | ˈkɒntɨnt | n. | information |
| kənˈtɛnt | adj. | satisfied | |
| convict | kənˈvɪkt | v. | to find guilty |
| ˈkɒnvɪkt | n. | one convicted | |
| desert | ˈdɛzərt | n. | an arid region |
| dɨˈzɜrt | v. | to abandon | |
| does | ˈdoʊz | n. | pl. of doe |
| ˈdʌz | v. | form of do | |
| ˈduːz | n. | one spelling of the plural of do as a noun[citation needed] - e.g. hair does | |
| dove | ˈdʌv | n. | a bird |
| ˈdoʊv | v. | past tense of dive | |
| entrance | ˈɛntrəns | n. | doorway |
| εnˈtræns | v. | to delight | |
| house | ˈhaʊs | n. | a residential building |
| ˈhaʊz | v. | to place in residence | |
| intimate | ˈɪntɨmeɪt | v. | to suggest |
| ˈɪntɨmət | adj. | very close | |
| invalid | ɪnˈvælɨd | adj. | incorrect |
| ˈɪnvəlɨd | n. | a disabled person | |
| laminate | ˈlæmɨneɪt | v. | to assemble from thin sheets glued together |
| ˈlæmɨnɨt | n. | material formed of thin sheets glued together | |
| lead | ˈliːd | v. | to guide |
| ˈlɛd | n. | a metal | |
| learned | ˈlɜrnɨd | adj. | having much learning |
| ˈlɜrnd | v. | past tense of learn | |
| live | ˈlɪv | v. | to be alive |
| ˈlaɪv | adj. | having life | |
| minute | maɪˈnjuːt | adj. | small |
| ˈmɪnət | n. | unit of time | |
| moped | ˈmoʊpɛd | n. | a small motorcycle |
| ˈmoʊpt | v. | past tense of mope | |
| multiply | ˈmʌltɨplaɪ | v. | to increase |
| ˈmʌltɨpli | adv. | in multiple ways | |
| number | ˈnʌmbər | n. | a numeral |
| ˈnʌmər | adj. | more numb | |
| object | ˈɒbdʒɨkt | n. | a thing |
| əbˈdʒɛkt | v. | to protest | |
| polish | ˈpɒlɨʃ | v. | to shine |
| ˈpoʊlɨʃ | adj. | of, from, or native to Poland | |
| present | prɨˈzɛnt | v. | to reveal |
| ˈprɛzənt | n. | a gift | |
| primer | ˈprɪmər | n. | Book that covers the basic elements of a subject |
| ˈpraɪmər | n. | An undercoat of paint | |
| produce | prɵˈdjuːs | v. | to make |
| ˈproʊdjuːs | n. | fruit and vegetables | |
| project | ˈprɒdʒɨkt | n. | an undertaking |
| prɵˈdʒɛkt | v. | to cast an image | |
| putting | ˈpʊtɪŋ | v. | pr. part. of to put |
| ˈpʌtɪŋ | v. | pr. part. of to putt | |
| read | ˈriːd | v. | present tense |
| ˈrɛd | v. | past tense | |
| rebel | rɨˈbɛl | v. | to resist |
| ˈrɛbəl | n. | one who rebels | |
| record | ˈrɛkərd | n. | physical information |
| rɨˈkɔrd | v. | to make a record | |
| refuse | ˈrɛfjuːs | n. | garbage |
| rɨˈfjuːz | v. | to decline | |
| resign | rɨˈzaɪn | v. | to quit |
| riːˈsaɪn | v. | to sign again; re-sign | |
| resume | rɨˈzjuːm | v. | to start again |
| ˈrezj | n. | curriculum vitae | |
| row | ˈroʊ | n.; v. | a line; to paddle a boat |
| ˈraʊ | n. | an argument | |
| sake | ˈseɪk | n. | benefit |
| ˈsɑːkiː | n. | rice wine | |
| sewer | ˈsjuːwər | n. | drainage pipes |
| ˈsoʊwər | n. | one who sews | |
| shower | ˈʃaʊ.ər | n. | precipitation |
| ˈʃoʊ.ər | n. | one who shows | |
| sin | ˈsɪn | n. | a moral error |
| ˈsaɪn | n. | abbrev. for sine | |
| ˈsiːn | n. | Sumerian god of the moon | |
| sow | ˈsoʊ | v. | to plant seeds |
| ˈsaʊ | n. | a female pig | |
| subject | ˈsʌbdʒɨkt | n. | a topic |
| səbˈdʒɛkt | v. | to cause to undergo | |
| tear | ˈtɪər | n. | liquid produced by crying |
| ˈtɛər | v. | to separate | |
| wicked | ˈwɪkɨd | adj. | bad, evil |
| ˈwɪkt | v. | past tense of wick (e.g. to wick away some liquid) | |
| wind | ˈwɪnd | n. | air movement |
| ˈwaɪnd | v. | to tighten a spring | |
| wound | ˈwaʊnd | v. | past tense of wind |
| ˈwuːnd | n. | an injury |
