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BoggleList of Indo-Aryan languages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from List of East Central Indo-Aryan languages)
Indo-Aryan languages, grouping according to SIL Ethnologue: Central and East Central zones Northern zone Northwestern zone Eastern zone Southern zone Insular
The Indo-Aryan languages include some 210 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by many people in Asia; this language family is a part of the Indo-Iranian language family.
Contents |
Historical
Further information: Linguistic history of India
- Old Indic (ca. 1500-300 BC)
- early Old Indic: Vedic Sanskrit (1500 to 500 BCE)
- late Old Indic: Epic Sanskrit, Classical Sanskrit (500 to 300 BCE)
- Middle Indic (ca. 300 BCE to 1500 CE)
- early phase: 3rd century BC
- Ashoka-Prakrits (3rd century BC regional dialects)
- Pali (language of the Buddhist canon)
- early Ardhamagadhi (language of the oldest Jain sutras)
- middle phase (200 BCE to 700 CE)
- Niya Prakrit
- Ardhamagadhi (later Jain canon)
- Dramatic Prakrits (Maurya period)
- Sinhala Prakrit
- hybrid Sanskrit (Mahayana canon)
- late phase: Apabhramsa (700 CE to 1500 CE)
- early phase: 3rd century BC
- Early Modern Indic (Mughal period, 1500 to 1800)
- early Dakkhini (Kalmitul-hakayat 1580)
- emergence of Khariboli (Gora-badal ki katha, 1620s)
- emergence of "Urdu" at Delhi fort (1670s)
Contemporary languages
This classification follows Kausen (2005). The main differences from SIL are noted.
(SIL includes the Nuristani languages within Indo-Aryan.)
Dardic
(The relation of this family to other Indo-Aryan languages is unclear; SIL includes it in the Northwestern zone, despite these languages having a very different grammatical structure from that of the Classical Indo-Aryan languages.)
- Kunar languages
- Pashayi
- Gawar-Bati
- Dameli
- Shumashti
- Nangalami (includes Grangali)
- Chitral languages
- Kohistani languages
- Shina languages
- Kashmiri
- Kashmiri
- Poguli
Northern Zone (Pahari)
Main article: Pahari
North-Western Zone
Map of areas where Dogri-Kangri languages are spoken
- Dogri-Kangri languages
(included in Pahari by SIL)
- Dogri-Kangri
- Gaddi
- Churahi
- Bhattiyali
- Bilaspuri
- Harijan Kinnauri
- Chambeali
- Mandeali
- Mahasu Pahari
- Jaunsari
- Pangwali
- Potwari (also known as Mirpuri or Pothohari and sometimes grouped with Lahnda)
- Punjabi
(included in the Central zone by SIL)
- Saraiki languages
- Lahnda (West Punjabi)
- Potwari (also known as Mirpuri or Pothohari and usually classified as Pahari)
- Hindko
- Mirpuri Punjabi
- Saraiki (South Punjabi or Multani)
- Northern Gujarati
- Sindhi languages
Western Zone
(SIL includes these languages in the Central zone)
- Khandeshi
- Ahirani (Kandeshi)
- Domari-Romani
(treated as a separate group by Klausen)
Central Zone (Madhya or Hindi)
Indic, Central Zone
Main articles: Hindustani language and Hindi languages
- West Central Zone (Western Hindi)
- Haryanvi
- Braj Bhasa-Kanauji
- Khariboli (Hindustani, Standard Hindi, Urdu)
- Bundeli
- Bhaya
- Sansi
- Chamari
- Ghera
- Gowli
- East Central Zone (Eastern Hindi)
(made a separate branch of Indo-Aryan by SIL)
Eastern Zone (Magadhan)
These languages derive from Magadhi Prakrit through Ardhamagadhi ("Half-Magadhi").
- Bengali-Assamese languages
- Assamese (Ôxômiya)
- Bengali (Bangla) (includes Mal Paharia)
- Bishnupriya Manipuri (Imar Thar)
- Chakma
- Chittagonian
- Hajong
- Rajbangsi
- Rohingya language
- Sylheti
- Bihari languages
- Oriya languages
- Oriya (Oŗia)
- Adivasi Oriya
- Halbi
- Tharu
Tharu is the language of the Tharu people, with roughly 1 million speakers. Tharu can be subdivided into[1]
- Chitwania Tharu (ISO 639-3: the, 80,000 speakers as of 1991)
- Kochila Tharu (ISO 639-3: thq, 258,000 speakers as of 2003), dialects: Saptari, Morangiya, Udayapur, Sunsari, Siraha, Mahottari, Sarlahi and Dhanusa
- Rana Tharu (ISO 639-3: thr, 368,000 speakers as of 2000).
Southern Zone languages
- Marathi (includes Dakhini Urdu)
- Konkani Family
- Katkari
- Konkani, Goan
- Konkani
- Kukna
- Phudagi
- Samvedi
- Varli
- Insular Indic
The insular languages are spoken on the islands of Sri Lanka, Minicoy and the Maldives.They share several characteristics which set them apart significantly from their continental sister languages. (SIL makes them a separate branch of Indo-Aryan.)
Unclassified
The following languages have not been classified within the Indo-Aryan family.
See also
References
- ^ Boehm, Kelly Kilgo. 1997. Language use and language maintenance among the Tharu of the Indo-Nepal tarai.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=vah
- Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen (Microsoft Word, 133 KB)
- SIL Ethnologue, 2000. (online edition)hi:हिन्द-आर्य भाषाओं की सूची
