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Spain

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This is a list of Spanish monarchs that is, rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word. The forerunners of the monarchs of the Spanish throne were the following:

• Kings of Asturias
• Kings of Aragon
• Kings of Castile
• Kings of Galicia
• Kings of León
• Kings of Majorca
• Kings of Navarre
• Kings of Valencia

These lineages were eventually united by the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon (king of the Crown of Aragon) and Isabella I of Castile (queen of the Crown of Castile). Although their kingdoms continued to be separate, with their personal union they ruled them together as one dominion. Ferdinand also conquered the southern part of Navarre and annexed it to what was to become Spain. Isabella left her kingdom to her daughter Joanna of Castile. Ferdinand served as her regent during her insanity; though rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced by Joanna's husband Philip the Handsome, he resumed his regency after Philip's death. In 1516, after Ferdinand II's death, his daughter Joanna inherited the kingdom of Aragon, but was kept prisoner at Tordesillas as insane. As Joanna's son, the future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, did not want to be merely a regent, he was proclaimed king of Castile and Aragon jointly with his mother in Brussels. Subsequently, Castilian and Aragonese Cortes alleged oath to him as co-king with his mother. Upon her death, he became sole King of Castile and Aragon, and the thrones were thereafter united permanently.

  Kingdom of Spain (1516–1873)

  House of Habsburg (1516–1700)

Under Joanna and Charles I, the two thrones of Castile and Aragon were finally united under one monarch.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Charles I (Carlos I, Charles V of HRE)	(1500-02-24)24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558(1558-09-21) (aged 58)	14 March 1516	16 January 1556 (abdicated)	Son of Juana of Castile & Philip I of Castile	Habsburg
Philip II (Felipe II) the Prudent	(1527-05-21)21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598(1598-09-13) (aged 71)	16 January 1556	13 September 1598	Son of Charles I	Habsburg
Philip III (Felipe III) the Pious	(1578-04-14)14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621(1621-03-31) (aged 42)	13 September 1598	31 March 1621	Son of Philip II	Habsburg
Philip IV (Philip IV)	(1605-04-08)8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665(1665-09-17) (aged 60)	31 March 1621	17 September 1665	Son of Philip III	Habsburg
Charles II (Carlos II)	(1661-11-06)6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700(1700-11-01) (aged 38)	17 September 1665	1 November 1700	Son of Philip IV	Habsburg

  House of Bourbon (1700–1808)

In the year 1700 Charles II died. Charles' will named the 16-year old Philip, the grandson of Charles' sister Maria Theresa of Spain, as his successor.^[1] Upon any possible refusal the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, duc de Berry, or, next, to Archduke Charles of Austria.^[1]

Both claimants, Philip and Charles, had a legal right to the Spanish throne due to the fact that Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France and Charles's father, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, were sons of Charles' aunts, Anne of Austria and Maria Anna of Austria. Philip had the better claim because his grandmother and great-grandmother were older than Leopold's. However, the Austrian branch claimed that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French branch's claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid.^[2]

After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favour of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne.^[3] Following this war broke out and Archduke Charles was also proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III in opposition to Philip V.^[4] Charles renounced his claims to the Spanish throne in the Treaty of Rastatt of 1714, but was allowed the continued use of the styles of a Spanish monarch for his lifetime.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Philip V (Felipe V)	(1683-12-19)19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746(1746-07-09) (aged 62)	16 November 1700	14 January 1724 (abdicated)	Great-grandson of Philip IV	Bourbon
Louis I (Luis I)	(1707-08-25)25 August 1707 – 31 August 1724(1724-08-31) (aged 17)	14 January 1724	31 August 1724	Son of Philip V	Bourbon
Philip V (again)	(1683-12-19)19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746(1746-07-09) (aged 62)	6 September 1724	9 July 1746	Father of Louis I	Bourbon
Ferdinand VI (Fernando VI) the Learnt	(1713-09-23)23 September 1713 – 10 August 1759(1759-08-10) (aged 45)	9 July 1746	10 August 1759	Son of Philip V	Bourbon
Charles III (Carlos III)	(1716-01-20)20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788(1788-12-14) (aged 72)	10 August 1759	14 December 1788	Son of Philip V	Bourbon
Charles IV (Carlos IV)	(1748-11-11)11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819(1819-01-20) (aged 70)	14 December 1788	19 March 1808 (abdicated)	Son of Carlos III	Bourbon
Fernand VII (Fernando VII) the Desired	(1784-10-14)14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833(1833-09-29) (aged 48)	19 March 1808	6 May 1808 (abdicated)	Son of Charles IV	Bourbon

  House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)

The only monarch from this dynasty was Joseph, imposed by his brother Emperor Napoleon I of France after the kings Charles IV and Ferdinand VII abdicated. The title used by Joseph was King of the Spains and the Indias, by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the State. He was also later given all of the titles of the previous kings. A government in opposition to the French was formed in Cádiz on 25 September 1808, which continued to recognize the imprisoned Ferdinand VII as king. This government was diplomatically recognized as the legitimate Spanish government by Britain and other countries at war with France.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Joseph Bonaparte (José)	(1768-01-07)7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844(1844-07-28) (aged 76)	6 June 1808	11 December 1813 (deposed)		Bonaparte

  House of Bourbon (1813–1868)

Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by the Grace of God.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Ferdinand VII (again) the Desired	(1784-10-14)14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833(1833-09-29) (aged 48)	11 December 1813	29 September 1833	Son of Charles IV	Bourbon
Isabella II (Isabel II)	(1830-10-10)10 October 1830 – 10 April 1904(1904-04-10) (aged 73)	29 September 1833	30 September 1868 (deposed)	Daughter of Ferdinand VII	Bourbon

  House of Savoy (1870–1873)

After the Spanish Revolution of 1868 deposed Isabella II, there was established a provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez from October 8, 1868 until January 2, 1871, while a new monarch was sought. Amadeo was elected as king and the new title used was King of Spain, by the Grace of God and will of the nation.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Amadeo I	(1845-05-30)30 May 1845 – 18 January 1890(1890-01-18) (aged 44)	16 November 1870	11 February 1873 (abdicated)	elected by Cortes	Savoy

  Spanish Republic (1873–1874)

See article: President of Spain

  Kingdom of Spain (1874–1931)

  House of Bourbon (1874–1931)

Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne as she had abdicated in his favour in 1870. Constitutional king of Spain.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Alfonso XII the Peacemaker	(1857-11-28)28 November 1857 – 25 November 1885(1885-11-25) (aged 27)	29 December 1874	25 November 1885	Son of Isabella II	Bourbon
Alfonso XIII	(1886-05-17)17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941(1941-02-28) (aged 54)	17 May 1886	14 April 1931 (abdicated)	Son of Alfonso XII	Bourbon

  Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

See article: President of Spain

  Spanish State (1936–1975)

On 1 October 1936 General Francisco Franco was proclaimed Leader of Spain (Spanish: Caudillo de España) in the parts of Spain controlled by the Nationalists (nacionales) after the Spanish Civil War broke out. After the end of war on 1 April 1939 General Franco took control of the whole of Spain. In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the pretender, Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelona, to take the throne. In 1969, Franco declared that Juan Carlos, Prince of Spain, the Count of Barcelona's son, would be his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded him as the King of Spain.

  Kingdom of Spain (1975–present)

  House of Bourbon (1975–present)

Alfonso XIII's claim descended (due to his two eldest sons' renunciations) to his third son, Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. The Count of Barcelona renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Franco's death and Juan Carlos's accession.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Juan Carlos I [5]	(1938-01-05) 5 January 1938 (age 74)	22 November 1975	Incumbent	Grandson of Alfonso XIII	Bourbon

  See also

• List of heads of state of Spain
• Kings of Spain family tree
• List of Succession to the Spanish Throne
• Royal Consorts of Spain
• Spanish monarchy
• War of the Spanish Succession

  References

1. ^ ^{a b} Kamen, Henry. "Philip V of Spain:: The King who Reigned Twice", p.6. Published by Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08718-7
2. ^ Durant, Will. "The Age of Louis XIV", p.699. Simon and Schuster, New York 1963.
3. ^ Kamen, Henry. "Philip V of Spain:: The King who Reigned Twice", p.158. Published by Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08718-7
4. ^ He was proclaimed in Vienna, LoveToKnow Free Online Encyclopedia, and also in Madrid in the years 1706 y 1710.
5. ^ His name, while rarely anglicised, is rendered as John Charles Alphonse Victor Mary of Bourbon and Bourbon-Two Sicilies. He was given these baptismal names after his father (Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelona), grandfather (Alfonso XIII of Spain) and maternal grandfather (Carlos Maria, Prince of Bourbon-Two Sicilies).

  External links

• Monarchs of Spain (700–present)