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Wikipedia
List of radio telescopes
Four antennas radio telescope, at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA)
This is a list of radio telescopes - over one hundred - that are or have been used for radio astronomy. The list includes both single dishes and interferometric arrays. The list is sorted by region, then by name; unnamed telescopes are in reverse size order at the end of the lists.
-
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Contents |
Africa
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| HartRAO 26m | Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Johannesburg, South Africa | 26 m dish.[1] |
| HartRAO XDM | Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Johannesburg, South Africa | 15m Experimental Demonstrator Model originally build as a technology demonstrator for MeerKAT[2] |
| Indlebe | Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa | 5 meter parabolic reflector[3] |
| KAT-7 | Carnarvon, South Africa | Seven, 12 meter dishes, measuring 1200-1950 MHz. |
| MeerKAT | Carnarvon, South Africa | A pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array.[4] |
| Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) | Carnarvon, South Africa | Sixty-four, two-meter dishes, measuring 100-200 MHz. Currently, this interferometer has more dishes than any other. |
Antarctica
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | 13-element interferometer measuring anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background.[5] |
| South Pole Telescope (SPT) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | 10-m microwave telescope making observations of clusters using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.[6] |
Asia
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Delingha 13.7 m | Delingha, Qinghai, China | Dish diameter: 13.7 m. Frequency range: 85–115 GHz. Site altitude: 3200 m. Operated by Purple Mountain Observatory. |
| Sheshan | Shanghai, China | 25m. Operated by SHAO (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory) |
| Nanshan 25m | Ürümqi, China | L/C/S/X band receivers. 70 km south to Ürümqi. Operated by XAO (Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory). |
| Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) | Pune, India | Thirty 45 m wire dishes;[7] largest telescope at meter wavelengths. Operated by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics.[8] |
| Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) | Ooty, India | approximately 530 m long and 30 m wide operates at 326.5 MHz |
| Gauribidanur Radio Observatory, | Gauribidanur, India | Operated by (Indian Institute of Astrophysics),A Radioheliograph operates at the range 40-150 MHz. |
| Nobeyama radio observatory | Nagano Prefecture, Japan | A 45m single-dish short-millimetre telescope, and six 10m telescopes of the Nobeyama Millimetre Array (NMA), both operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) |
| Galenki RT-70 radio telescope | Galenki (Ussuriysk), Russia | RT-70, 70 m telescope, operating range 5–300 GHz |
| Suffa RT-70 radio telescope | Suffa plateau, Uzbekistan | RT-70, operating range 5–300 GHz |
| “Herouni Mirror Radio telescope” - Radio-Optical Telescope (ROT-54/2.6) | Orgov village, Republic of Armenia | diameter - 54 m (useful - 32) Radio Physical Research Institute |
Australia
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) |
Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, Western Australia | ASKAP, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, is currently being built by CSIRO. It will be made up of 36 identical antennas, each 12 metres in diameter, with a 30 sq degrees FoV at 1.4 GHz. All 36 antennas and their technical systems are expected to be completed by 2013.[9] |
| Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) |
Paul Wild Observatory, Narrabri, New South Wales | 6x22m dish aperture synthesis array, operated by CSIRO as part of the ATNF (Australia Telescope National Facility).[10] |
| Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex (CDSCC) |
Tidbinbilla, Australian Capital Territory | 1x70m dish, 2x34m dishes, operated by CSIRO on behalf of NASA.[11] |
| Ceduna Radio Observatory | Ceduna, South Australia | 30 m telescope, operated by the University of Tasmania |
| Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) | Molonglo (near Canberra, ACT) | Operated by the School of Physics at the University of Sydney. East-west arm of the former Molonglo Cross Telescope, approximately 800 m in length. Operates at 843 MHz. |
| Mopra Radio Telescope | Mopra Observatory, near Coonabarabran, New South Wales | 22 m dish, operated by CSIRO as part of the ATNF (Australia Telescope National Facility).[12] |
| Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory | Hobart, Tasmania | 26 m telescope, operated by the University of Tasmania |
| Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) | Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, Western Australia | Fixed 128 array of 16-element dual-polarisation antennas covering 80-300MHz with approximately 30° field-of-view using electronic beam-forming |
| Parkes Radio Telescope | Parkes Observatory, Sydney, New South Wales | 64 m telescope (2nd largest movable dish in the Southern Hemisphere), operated by CSIRO as part of the ATNF (Australia Telescope National Facility).[13] |
Europe
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Effelsberg | Bad Münstereifel-Effelsberg near Bonn, Germany | 100 m dish operated by Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, operates at 395 MHz to 95 GHz |
| RATAN-600 | Zelenchukskaya, Russia | 600 m dish, operates at 610 MHz to 30 GHz, world's largest diameter individual radio telescope |
| Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification (UTR-2) | Grakovo, Kharkiv, Ukraine | World's largest radio telescope at decametre wavelengths (max. collective area 150 000 m²). |
| Lovell Telescope | Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England | 76 m dish |
| Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope | Center for deep space communications, Yevpatoria, Crimea, Ukraine | RT-70, 70 m telescope, operating range 5–300 GHz |
| TNA 1500 | Kalyasin, Russia [14] | 64 m fully steerable dish, up to 5.86 GHz |
| TNA 1500 | Medvezhji Ozera(Bear Lakes), Russia [14] | 64 m fully steerable dish, up to 5.86 GHz |
| Yebes RT 40 m | Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, Yebes, Guadalajara, Spain [1] | 40 m parabolic steerable telescope for mm and cm wavelengths |
| Toruń RT4 32 m | Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Toruń, Poland | RT4 (32 m) parabolic antenna |
| RT-32 | Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Center, Irbene, Latvia | 32-meter fully steerable parabolic, centimetre-wave range antenna RT-32 [2] |
| Northern Cross | Medicina Radio Observatory, Medicina, Bologna, Italy [3] | 32000 m² interferometer, cylindrical-paraboloid steerable over NS., 408 MHz, Beam=3' |
| 32 m VLBI dish | Medicina Radio Observatory, Medicina, Bologna, Italy [4] | 32 m, fully steerable dish, 1400 MHz...43 GHz |
| 32 m VLBI dish | Noto Radio Observatory, Noto, Italy, [5] | 32 m, fully steerable dish, 300 MHz-86 GHz. Operates both as part of astronomical and geodetic VLBI network and as a single dish. |
| MERLIN (Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network) | United Kingdom | Consists of the Cambridge 32 m at Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Darnhall, Defford, Tabley[disambiguation needed] (also known as Pickmere) and Knockin. Also includes the Lovell and Mark II telescopes at Jodrell Bank. |
| TNA-400 | Center for deep space communications, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine | TNA-400, 32 m telescope |
| IRAM - 30m | Pico Veleta, in Granada, Spain | 30m dish operated by the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique, IRAM); works in the millimeter range (1mm to 3mm) both with superheterodyne and bolometric detectors. |
| Mark II | Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England | 25 m dish |
| Stockert | Bad Münstereifel-Eschweiler near Bonn, Germany | 25 m dish operated by University of Bonn and Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, closed in 1993, now owned by NRW-Stiftung [6], reopened 2010 after restoration and operated by Förderverein Astropeiler Stockert [7] |
| Toruń RT3 15 m | Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Toruń, Poland | RT3 (15 m) antenna. |
| Very Small Array (VSA) | Observatorio del Teide, Canary Islands, Spain | Array of 14 dishes, with two larger source-subtraction dishes. Controlled remotely from UK. |
| Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) | Westerbork, Netherlands | Array of 14 25-meter dishes [8] |
| 25 m telescope | Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden | 25 m telescope |
| Dwingeloo (CAMRAS) | Dwingeloo, Netherlands | 25 m steerable dish, formerly operated by ASTRON, now in restoration by CAMRAS [9] |
| 22 m telescope | Simeiz Observatory, Simeiz, Crimea, Ukraine | 22-m radio telescope for mm and cm radio waves. Located at the foot of mount Koshka (Cat) in Katsiveli (near Simeiz). Belongs to the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, the Department of Radioastronomy. |
| 20 m telescope | Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden | 20 m telescope |
| Pluton (complex) | Center for deep space communications, Evpatoria, Crimea, Ukraine | 8 mirrors with diameter of 16 meters. Square is 1000 sq. meters. |
| RT-16 | Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Center, Irbene, Latvia | 16-meter diameter antenna RT-16 http://www.virac.lv/ |
| Metsähovi Radio Observatory | Kylmälä, Kirkkonummi, Finland | 13.7 m dish, operates at 2 to 150 GHz, surface accuracy 0.1 mm (rms). |
| Ryle Telescope | Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cambridge, England | Eight 13 m dishes, and is currently used as one part of the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager. |
| RT-7.5 (Bauman's radio telescope) | Moscow Oblast, Russia | Two 7.75-meter diameter antennas (only one is working at the moment) Remote access computer-aided laboratory |
| Distributed across Europe with members in China, South Africa and the USA | VLBI array operated by the European Consortium for VLBI | |
| Plateau de Bure Interferometer | Plateau de Bure, Grenoble, France | Originally an array of 3 antennas, since 2005 has 6 antennas, operating at millimeter wavelengths. |
| Nançay Radio Telescope (NRT) | Nançay, France | |
| ALLBIN (Amateur Linked Long Baseline Interferometer Network) | Germany | A Small Network of Radio Telescopes and Radio Spectrographs doing Amateur Radio Astronomy at a Very High standard coordinated by The European Radio Astronomy Club[15] Research and Development Telescope in Mannheim Germany. |
| LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray) | Netherlands, Germany, Great Britain, France, Sweden; in future possibly Poland and other countries | Low frequency array of dipole antennas at 1.25 to 30m wavelengths (10-240 MHz), with a strongly distributed signal processing system. The telescope beam is constructed in software from combinations of antenna signals. |
| Arcminute Microkelvin Imager | Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cambridge, England | Small Array consists of 10 3.7-m parabolic antennas |
| The European Radio Astronomy Club Telescope and Development Facility (ERAC Telescope) | Mannheim, Germany | From 14KHzVLF up to 40 GHz [10][16] |
| ERAC Phased Array | The European Radio Astronomy Club, Elsass, France | Phased array and Digital back end based on the SKA design |
| ERAC Phased Array | The European Radio Astronomy Club, East Lothian, Scotland | Phased array and Digital back end based on the SKA design |
Oceania
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Caltech Submillimeter Observatory | Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, USA | 10.4 m (34 ft) diameter submillimeter wavelength telescope |
| James Clerk Maxwell Telescope | Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, USA | 15-meter submillimetre-wavelength telescope operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre |
| Submillimeter Array (SMA) | Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, USA | Operated jointly by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics of Taiwan. |
| Warkworth Radio Telescope | Warkworth Radio Observatory, Warkworth, New Zealand | 12 metre fully steerable dish operated by IRASR, AUT University[17] |
| Warkworth 2 dish | Warkworth Radio Observatory, Warkworth, New Zealand | 30 metre fully steerable dish operated by IRASR, AUT University[17] |
North America
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Algonquin Radio Telescope | Algonquin Radio Observatory, Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada | 46 metre fully steerable dish operated by Thoth Technology,[18] Canada's largest radio telescope. |
| Allen Telescope Array | Hat Creek Radio Observatory, Hat Creek, California, USA | 42 6-m gregorian offset dishes using log periodic cooled feed covering .5 GHz - 11.5 GHz. Operated by joint agreement between Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, and the SETI Institute |
| Arecibo Observatory | Arecibo, Puerto Rico | 305 m (1,001 ft), The world's largest single-dish radio telescope. |
| ARO 12m Radio Telescope | Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona, USA | Previously operated by the NRAO, this telescope is currently operated by the University of Arizona's Arizona Radio Observatory, part of Steward Observatory. |
| Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) | Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, California, USA | Heterogeneous interferometer array composed of 6 10-m elements, 9 6-m elements, covering frequencies ranging from 75–115 GHz, ~230, and ~345 GHz. Operated by joint agreements between Radio Astronomy Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, Caltech, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign |
| DRAO 26-m dish | Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada | D. S. Kennedy 84-foot (26 m) reflector on an equatorial mount. |
| Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) | Amherst, Massachusetts, USA | Operated by UMass Amherst |
| Green Bank Interferometer (GBI) | Green Bank, West Virginia, USA | Three 26 meter (85 ft) radio telescopes operated by NRAO |
| Green Bank Telescope (GBT) | Green Bank, West Virginia, USA | World's largest (100 meter) fully steerable single-dish radio telescope |
| Haystack Observatory | Westford, Massachusetts, USA | 37m radome-enclosed 90 GHz radar/radiotelescope; 9m radar for space debris tracking, 46m incoherent scatter radar, 26m L-band deep space tracking radar, 18m radiotelescope used for geodesy. Operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) | Mount Graham, Arizona, USA | 10-meter radio telescope operated by the University of Arizona's Arizona Radio Observatory, part of Steward Observatory. |
| Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) | Sierra Negra, Puebla, Mexico | A 50-meter telescope for observations at millimetre wavelengths, the largest single dish instrument operating in this wavelength band. |
| Leuschner Observatory | Lafayette, California, USA | A 4.5-meter single dish, prototype dish for the Allen Telescope Array |
| Long Wavelength Array (LWA) | Socorro, New Mexico, USA | A telescope composed of 256 crossed-dipole antennas currently under development by the University of New Mexico and the Naval Research Laboratory |
| Morehead State University 21m. | Morehead, Kentucky, USA | A 21 m. telescope used for academic research and satellite data retrieval and control. |
| OVRO 40 meter Telescope | Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, California, USA | This cm wavelength telescope operated by Caltech, is currently being used on a blazar monitoring program at 15 GHz. |
| Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) | Green Bank, West Virginia, USA | Thirty-two, two-meter dishes measuring 100-200 MHz |
| Solar monitor, two 1.8 m dishes | Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada | The first dish here was originally a backup for the Algonquin site, but when the ARO site was later closed its instrument moved to DRAO and became its backup. |
| SRI International Antenna Facility | Palo Alto, California, USA | 45.7 m parabolic reflector. Owned by the U.S. Government and constructed by SRI on land leased from Stanford University, the Antenna Facility is known locally as "the Dish." |
| Synthesis Telescope, seven-element interferometer | Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada | |
| Very Large Array (VLA) | Socorro, New Mexico, USA | Array of 27 dishes. Part of NRAO. |
| Very Small Array (VSA) | Cogan Station, Pennsylvania, USA | Array of 8 small dishes. Part of The SETI League's Project Argus initiative. |
| Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) | Socorro, New Mexico USA (operations center) |
Array system of 10 radio telescopes; dishes are located at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Owens Valley, California, Brewster, Washington, Kitt Peak, Arizona, Pie Town, New Mexico, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Fort Davis, Texas, North Liberty, Iowa, Hancock, New Hampshire, and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. |
| Two 26 m dishes | Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute (PARI), Rosman, North Carolina, USA |
South America
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) | Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | 6 m telescope located on Cerro Toco. |
| Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) | Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | 54 dishes with 12-m diameter and 12 dishes with 7-m diameter, sensitive to wavelengths between radio and infrared (submillimetre astronomy). |
| Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) | Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | 12 m telescope located at the Chajnantor plateau. |
| Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) | Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | 10 m telescope located at Pampa La Bola. |
| Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) | Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | 13 dishes with 1m diameter located at the Chajnantor plateau. Decommissioned in 2008. |
| NANTEN2 Observatory (NANTEN2) | Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | 4m telescope located at Pampa La Bola. |
| Q/U Imaging Experiment (QUIET) | Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | Located at the Chajnantor plateau. |
| Northeastern Space Radio Observatory | Eusébio, Brazil | 14,2 m telescope |
| Itapetinga Radio Observatory | Atibaia, Sao Paulo, Brazil | 13,7 m telescope, operates in the K and Q bands, with cryogenic receivers[19] |
| Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA) | Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil | 38-element radio telescope interferometer working in the frequency range of 1.2-6.0 GHz. The final baseline will be 2.27 km in the East-West and 1.17 km in the South directions, respectively. This instrument will obtain radio images from the sun with a spatial resolution ~4x6 arc seconds. Located in Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Latitude 45° 00' 20" West and Longitude 22° 41' 19" South)[20] |
| Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) | La Silla Observatory, Atacama Desert, Chile | 15 m telescope. Decommissioned in 2003[21] |
Space-based
| Name | Location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| HALCA (Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy) | Earth orbit with an apogee altitude of 21,400 km and a perigee altitude of 560 km. | |
| Zond 3 | Russian spacecraft carrying a radio telescope | |
| Spektr-R or RadioAstron | 10 meter radio telescope in a highly elliptical earth orbit. Launched July 2011. |
See also
References
- ^ "HartRAO Radio Telescope Facts". http://www.hartrao.ac.za/factsfile.html. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
- ^ "This year will see major advances in South Africa and in international radio astronomy projects". Engineering News (Creamer Media). 2010-01-15. http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/this-year-will-see-major-advances-in-sa-and-international-radio-astronomy-projects-2010-01-15. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
- ^ "Indlebe". Durban University of Technology. http://indlebe.dut.ac.za/. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
- ^ "About the KAT". Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20070208142951/http://www.ska.ac.za/kat/index.shtml. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
- ^ "Degree Angular Scale Interferometer". http://astro.uchicago.edu/dasi/. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
- ^ "South Pole Telescope". http://pole.uchicago.edu/index.php. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
- ^ "Introducing GMRT". http://www.gmrt.ncra.tifr.res.in/gmrt_hpage/GMRT/intro_gmrt.html. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
- ^ "Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research". http://www.gmrt.ncra.tifr.res.in/.
- ^ "Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder". http://www.atnf.csiro.au/projects/askap/.
- ^ "Australia Telescope Compact Array". http://www.narrabri.atnf.csiro.au/.
- ^ "Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex". http://www.cdscc.nasa.gov/Pages/trackingtoday.html.
- ^ "Mopra telescope". http://www.narrabri.atnf.csiro.au/mopra/.
- ^ "Parkes radio observatory". http://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/.
- ^ a b http://www.okbmei.ru/en/page.html?id=54
- ^ ERAC website
- ^ http://sites.google.com/site/radiotelescopemannheim//
- ^ a b IRASR, AUT University
- ^ Thoth Technology - Make it happen
- ^ "Radio Observatorio do Itapetinga (ROI)". http://www.das.inpe.br/radio/observatorio.html. Retrieved 2010-01-28.[dead link]
- ^ "Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA)". http://www.das.inpe.br/fmi/bda/. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
- ^ "Swedish-ESO 15m Submillimeter Telescope (SEST)". http://www.eso.org/gallery/v/ESOPIA/LaSilla/esopia00049teles.jpg.html. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
