This piece of Wahrheit und Dichtung by Melchior Kirchhofer has pencil notes that might have been written by Josef Eiselein.

  The Glosas Emilianenses are glosses added to this Latin codex that are considered the oldest surviving phrases written in the Castilian language.

  A page from an illuminated manuscript with painted marginalia

Marginalia (or apostil) are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.

  Biblical manuscripts

Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin (κεφαλαια, Ammonian Sections, Eusebian Canons). There are some scholia, corrections, and other notes usually made later by hand in the margin.

  History

The scholia on classical manuscripts are the earliest known form of marginalia. Fermat's last theorem is the most famous mathematical marginal note.^[1]

The first recorded use of the word marginalia is in 1819 in Blackwood's Magazine.^[2] From 1845 to 1849 Edgar Allan Poe titled some of his reflections and fragmentary material "Marginalia."^[3] Five volumes of Samuel T. Coleridge's marginalia have been published.

Some famous marginalia were serious works, or drafts thereof, written in margins due to scarcity of paper. Voltaire composed in book margins while in prison, and Sir Walter Raleigh wrote a personal statement in margins just before his execution.

Beginning in the 1990s, attempts have been made to design and market e-book devices permitting a limited form of marginalia.

  Value

Marginalia can add or detract from the value of an association copy of a book, depending on the author of the marginalia and on the book.

Catherine C. Marshall, doing research on the future of the user interface, has studied the phenomenon of user annotation of texts. She discovered that in several university departments, knowledgeable students would scour the piles of textbooks at used book dealers for consistently annotated copies. The students had a good appreciation for their predecessors' distillation of knowledge.^[4][5][6]

  Writers known for their marginalia

• Samuel T. Coleridge^[7]
• David Markson^[8]
• Herman Melville^[9]
• Sylvia Plath^[10]
• Mark Twain^[11]
• David Foster Wallace^[12]
• Pierre de Fermat

  Notes

  References

• Jackson, H. J. Marginalia: Readers writing in Books, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08816-7 N.B: one of the first books on this subject
• Coleridge, S. T. Marginalia, Ed. George Walley and H. J. Jackson. The Collected works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge 12. Bolligen Series 75. 5 vols. Princeton University Press, 1980-.
• Alston, R. C. Books with Manuscript: A short title catalogue of Books with Manuscript Notes in the British Library. London: British Library, 1994.

  External links

• Marginalia and other crimes from Cambridge University Library
• Teachers’ Uses of Students’ Digital Annotations: Implications for the Formative Assessment of Reading Comprehension, Barry Brahier, 2006 (University of Minnesota)
• Marginalia: Six Personal Libraries (Thomas Carlyle, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William James, John Keats, Herman Melville, Hester Thrale from Harvard University Library