Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

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Identifiers

Symbols

MAPK9; JNK-55; JNK2; JNK2A; JNK2ALPHA; JNK2B; JNK2BETA; PRKM9; p54aSAPK

External IDs

OMIM: 602896 MGI: 1346862 HomoloGene: 55685 GeneCards: MAPK9 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• nucleotide binding • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • JUN kinase activity • MAP kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding • transferase activity
Biological process	• protein amino acid phosphorylation • response to stress • JNK cascade

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 5:
179.6 - 179.64 Mb

Chr 11:
49.69 - 49.73 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene.^[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.^[2]

Interactions

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to interact with TOB1,^[3] Grb2,^[4]^[5] MAPK8IP2,^[6] P53,^[7]^[8] MAPK8IP3^[9]^[10] and MAPK8IP1.^[6]^[11]

References

↑ Kallunki T, Su B, Tsigelny I, Sluss HK, Derijard B, Moore G, Davis R, Karin M (Jan 1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation"]. Genes Dev 8 (24): 2996–3007. PMID 8001819.
↑ "Entrez Gene: MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5601.
↑ Maekawa, Momoko; Nishida Eisuke, Tanoue Takuji (Oct. 2002). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Identification of the Anti-proliferative protein Tob as a MAPK substrate"]. J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (40): 37783–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204506200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12151396.
↑ Saleem, A; Datta R, Yuan Z M, Kharbanda S, Kufe D (Dec. 1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase in the cellular response to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and other DNA-damaging agents"]. Cell Growth Differ. (UNITED STATES) 6 (12): 1651–8. ISSN 1044-9523. PMID 9019171.
↑ Kharbanda, S; Saleem A, Shafman T, Emoto Y, Taneja N, Rubin E, Weichselbaum R, Woodgett J, Avruch J, Kyriakis J (Aug. 1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Ionizing radiation stimulates a Grb2-mediated association of the stress-activated protein kinase with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase"]. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 270 (32): 18871–4. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7642542.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Yasuda, J; Whitmarsh A J, Cavanagh J, Sharma M, Davis R J (Oct. 1999). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "The JIP group of mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold proteins"]. Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (10): 7245–54. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 10490659.
↑ Hu, M C; Qiu W R, Wang Y P (Nov. 1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases"]. Oncogene (ENGLAND) 15 (19): 2277–87. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201401. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9393873.
↑ Lin, Yenshou; Khokhlatchev Andrei, Figeys Daniel, Avruch Joseph (Dec. 2002). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Death-associated protein 4 binds MST1 and augments MST1-induced apoptosis"]. J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (50): 47991–8001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202630200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12384512.
↑ Ito, M; Yoshioka K, Akechi M, Yamashita S, Takamatsu N, Sugiyama K, Hibi M, Nakabeppu Y, Shiba T, Yamamoto K I (Nov. 1999). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "JSAP1, a novel jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-binding protein that functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway"]. Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (11): 7539–48. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 10523642.
↑ Kelkar, N; Gupta S, Dickens M, Davis R J (Feb. 2000). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Interaction of a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling module with the neuronal protein JIP3"]. Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 20 (3): 1030–43. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 10629060.
↑ Whitmarsh, A J; Cavanagh J, Tournier C, Yasuda J, Davis R J (Sep. 1998). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "A mammalian scaffold complex that selectively mediates MAP kinase activation"]. Science (UNITED STATES) 281 (5383): 1671–4. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9767029.

Davis RJ (2000). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases."]. Cell 103 (2): 239–52. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00116-1. PMID 11057897.
Freedman BD, Liu QH, Del Corno M, Collman RG (2004). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "HIV-1 gp120 chemokine receptor-mediated signaling in human macrophages."]. Immunol. Res. 27 (2-3): 261–76. doi:10.1385/IR:27:2-3:261. PMID 12857973.
Lee C, Liu QH, Tomkowicz B, et al. (2004). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Macrophage activation through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated gp120-elicited signaling pathways."]. J. Leukoc. Biol. 74 (5): 676–82. doi:10.1189/jlb.0503206. PMID 12960231.
Denys H, Desmet R, Stragier M, et al. (1978). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Cystitis emphysematosa."]. Acta urologica Belgica 45 (4): 327–31. PMID 602896.
Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin."]. J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151.
Livingstone C, Patel G, Jones N (1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "ATF-2 contains a phosphorylation-dependent transcriptional activation domain."]. EMBO J. 14 (8): 1785–97. PMID 7737129.
Sluss HK, Barrett T, Dérijard B, Davis RJ (1994). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor mediated by JNK protein kinases."]. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (12): 8376–84. PMID 7969172.
Gille H, Strahl T, Shaw PE (1996). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Activation of ternary complex factor Elk-1 by stress-activated protein kinases."]. Curr. Biol. 5 (10): 1191–200. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00235-1. PMID 8548291.
Chu Y, Solski PA, Khosravi-Far R, et al. (1996). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases PAC1, MKP-1, and MKP-2 have unique substrate specificities and reduced activity in vivo toward the ERK2 sevenmaker mutation."]. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (11): 6497–501. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.11.6497. PMID 8626452.
Bocco JL, Bahr A, Goetz J, et al. (1996). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "In vivo association of ATFa with JNK/SAP kinase activities."]. Oncogene 12 (9): 1971–80. PMID 8649858.
Gupta S, Barrett T, Whitmarsh AJ, et al. (1996). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors."]. EMBO J. 15 (11): 2760–70. PMID 8654373.
Kallunki T, Deng T, Hibi M, Karin M (1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "c-Jun can recruit JNK to phosphorylate dimerization partners via specific docking interactions."]. Cell 87 (5): 929–39. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81999-6. PMID 8945519.
Jabado N, Pallier A, Jauliac S, et al. (1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "gp160 of HIV or anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody ligation of CD4 induces inhibition of JNK and ERK-2 activities in human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes."]. Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (2): 397–404. doi:10.1002/eji.1830270209. PMID 9045910.
Janknecht R, Hunter T (1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Convergence of MAP kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor Sap-1a."]. EMBO J. 16 (7): 1620–7. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.7.1620. PMID 9130707.
Fukunaga R, Hunter T (1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates."]. EMBO J. 16 (8): 1921–33. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921. PMID 9155018.
Chow CW, Rincón M, Cavanagh J, et al. (1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Nuclear accumulation of NFAT4 opposed by the JNK signal transduction pathway."]. Science 278 (5343): 1638–41. doi:10.1126/science.278.5343.1638. PMID 9374467.
Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP (1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases."]. Oncogene 15 (19): 2277–87. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201401. PMID 9393873.
Lannuzel A, Barnier JV, Hery C, et al. (1998). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its coat protein gp120 induce apoptosis and activate JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases in human neurons."]. Ann. Neurol. 42 (6): 847–56. doi:10.1002/ana.410420605. PMID 9403476.
Fuchs SY, Xie B, Adler V, et al. (1998). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases target the ubiquitination of their associated transcription factors."]. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (51): 32163–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.32163. PMID 9405416.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)	LATS1, LATS2, MAST1, MAST2, STK38, STK38L, CIT, ROCK1, SGK, SGK2, SGK3, Protein kinase B (AKT1, AKT2, AKT3), Ataxia telangiectasia mutated, Mammalian target of rapamycin, EIF-2 kinases (PKR, HRI), Wee1 (WEE1)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)	PDK1, PDK2, PDK3
Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)	AMP-activated protein kinase,
(3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)) (EC 2.7.11.4)	BCKDK, BCKDHA, BCKDHB
(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)	IDH2, IDH3A, IDH3B, IDH3G
(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)	STK4
Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)	Aurora kinase (Aurora A kinase, Aurora B kinase)
Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)	FASTK, STK10
Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)	-
IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)	CHUK, IKK2, TBK1, IKBKE, IKBKG, IKBKAP
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)	Protein kinase A, PRKACG, PRKACB, PRKACA, PRKY
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)	Protein kinase G, PRKG1
Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)	Protein kinase C, Protein kinase Cζ, PKC alpha, PRKCB1, PRKCD, PRKCE, PRKCH, PRKCG, PRKCI, PRKCQ, Protein kinase N1, PKN2, PKN3,
Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)	Rhodopsin kinase
Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)	Beta adrenergic receptor kinase, Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2
G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)	GRK4, GRK5, GRK6
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)	BRSK2, CAMK1, CAMK2A, CAMK2B, CAMK2D, CAMK2G, CAMK4, MLCK, CASK, CHEK1, CHEK2, DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, STK11, MAPKAPK2, MAPKAPK3, MAPKAPK5, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4, MELK, MKNK1, MKNK2, NUAK1, NUAK2, OBSCN, PASK, PHKG1, PHKG2, PIM1, PIM2, PKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, PSKH1, SNF1LK2, KIAA0999, STK40, SNF1LK, SNRK, SPEG, TSSK2, Kalirin, TRIB1, TRIB2, TRIB3, TRIO, Titin, DCLK1
Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)	MYLK, MYLK2, MYLK3, MYLK4
Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)	PHKA1, PHKA2, PHKB, PHKG1, PHKG2
Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)	EEF2K, STK19

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1, PLK2, PLK3, PLK4
Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)	CDK1, CDK2, CDKL2, CDK3, CDK4, CDK5, CDKL5, CDK6, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9, CDK10, CDC2L5, CRKRS, PCTK1, PCTK2, PCTK3, PFTK1, CDC2L1
(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)	RPS6KA5, RPS6KA4, P70S6 kinase, P70-S6 Kinase 1, RPS6KB2, RPS6KA2, RPS6KA3, RPS6KA1, RPS6KC1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)	Extracellular signal-regulated (MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK6, MAPK7, MAPK12, MAPK15), C-Jun N-terminal (MAPK8, MAPK9, MAPK10), P38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK11, MAPK13, MAPK14)
MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)	MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAP3K1, MAP3K2, MAP3K3, MAP3K4, MAP3K5, MAP3K6, MAP3K7, MAP3K8) RAFs (ARAF, BRAF, KSR1, KSR2) MLKs (MAP3K12, MAP3K13, MAP3K9, MAP3K10, MAP3K11, MAP3K7, ZAK) CDC7
Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)	TPK1, TTK, GSK-3
(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)	-
Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)	-
Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)	-
Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)	Bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2), ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C, ACVR2A, ACVR2B, ACVRL1, Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor

Dual-specificity kinases (EC 2.7.12)

MAP2K

MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP2K3, MAP2K4, MAP2K5, MAP2K6, MAP2K7

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Arabic	Bulgarian	Chinese	Czech
Danish	Dutch	English	Estonian
Finnish	French	German	Greek
Hungarian	Italian	Japanese	Korean
Norwegian	Polish	Portuguese	Romanian
Russian	Serbian	Slovenian	Spanish
Swedish	Turkish	Latvian	Persian
Lithuanian	Icelandic	Slovak	Croatian
Hindi	Vietnamese	Hebrew	Thai
Indonesian

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

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Interactions

References

Further reading