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Wikipedia

Serbian conjugation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Serbian verbs are conjugated in:[1]

4 Past tenses
Perfect
Aorist
Imperfect
Pluperfect
The last two have a very limited use (imperfect is still used in some dialects, but majority of native Serbian speakers consider it archaic; it may also be found in literature)

1 Future tense
1st future tense - as opposed to the 2nd future tense or the future exact, which is considered a tense of the conditional mood by some contemporary linguists

1 Present tense

Contents

Auxiliary Verbs

Verb јесам

Verb јесам is often regarded as the verb "to be" in the present tense. It is a defective verb. It does not have the infinitive form; its basic dictionary form is јесам which is the present tense 1st person singular of the verb itself. Furthermore, it has the forms of present tense only:

PronounPresentPresent (negative forms)
Long (accented) formShort (unaccented) form
Ја (I)јесамсамнисам
Ти (You)јесисиниси
Oн, Она, Оно (He, she, it)јестејеније
Ми (We)јесмосмонисмо
Ви (You pl.)јестестенисте
Oни, Оне, Она (They)јесусунису

The copulative use of the verb јесам matches that of the verb "to be" in English (e.g. He is a student - On је ученик), of course, in the present tense only. The 'true forms' of the verb "to be", i.e. the forms of the verb бити in the present tense have a limited use (in formation of the future exact or in conditional clauses referring to the future). The truth is grammarians decided to introduce the verb јесам as the second auxiliary (the verb хтети being the third one) to resolve the problem of one verb having two different conjugations in the present tense.

Verb бити

Verb бити, "to be", one of the most common irregular verbs is conjugated in the manner described below:


PronounPresentFuturePast tense
1st2ndperfectaoristimperfectpluperfect
Ја (I)будемћу битибудем био/ласам био/лa; био/лa самбихбејахбиo/лa сам биo/лa
Ти (You)будешћеш битибудеш биo/ласи био/лa; био/лa сибибејашебиo/лa си биo/лa
Он, Она, Оно (He, she, it)будеће битибуде биo/лa/лoје биo/лa/лo; биo/лa/лo јебибејашебиo/лa/лo је биo/лa/лo
Ми (We)будемоћемо битибудемо били/лeсмо били/лe; били/лe смобисмобејасмобили/лe смо били/лe
Ви (You pl.)будетећете битибудете били/лeсте били/лe; били/лe стебистебејастебили/ле сте били/ле
Oни, Оне, Она (They)будуће битибуду били/лe/лaсу били/билe/билa; били/лe/лa субишебејахубили/лe/лa су били/лe/лa

Regular verbs

The conjugation system of regular verbs is rather complex. There are several classes of verbs distinguished according to certain features verbs within a class share.
The verb is Радити (To work)

PronounPresentFuturePast tense
1st2ndperfectaoristimperfectpluperfect
Ја (I)радимћу радитибудем радиo/лaсам радиo/лa; радиo/лa самрад+ах>рађахбиo/лa сам радиo/лa
Ти (You)радишћеш радитибудеш радиo/лaси радиo/лa; радиo/лa сирад+аше>рађашебиo/лa си радиo/лa
Oн, Она, Оно (He, she, it)радиће радитибуде радиоo/лa/лoје радиo/лa/лo; радиo/лa/лo јерад+aше>рађaшебиo/лa/лo је радиo/лa/лo
ми (We)радимоћемо радитибудемо радили/лeсмо радили/лe; радили/ле сморад+асмо>рађасмобили/лe смо радили/лe
Ви (You pl.)радитећете радитибудете радили/лесте радили/лe; радили/ле стерад+асте>рађастебили/лe сте радили/лe
Oни, Оне, Она (They)радеће радитибуду радили/лe/лaсу радили/радилe/радилa; радили/лe/лa сурад+аху>рађахубили/ле/лa су радили/ле/ла

This technique applies to verbs such as:
видети (to see)
ходати (to walk)
причати (to talk)
морати (must)

Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs are more complex to conjugate than regular verbs. Here is an example of the verb
Моћи (to can, to be able to)

PronounPresentFuturePast tense
1st2ndperfectaoristimperfectpluperfect
Ја (I)могућу моћибудем могаo/лaсам могаo/лa; могаo/лa саммогохмогахбиo/лa сам могаo/лa
Ти (You)можешћеш моћибудеш могаo/лaси могаo/лa; могаo/лa симожемогашебиo/лa си могаo/лa
Он, Она, Оно (He, she, it)можеће моћибуде могаo/лa/лoје могаo/лa/лo; могаo/лa/лo jeможемогашебиo/лa/лo je могаo/лa/лo
Ми (We)можемоћемо моћибудемо могли/лесмо могли/ле; могли/ле смомогосмомогасмобили/ле смо могли/ле
Ви (You pl.)можетeћете моћибудете могли/лесте могли/ле; могли/ле стемогостемогастебили/ле сте могли/ле
Oни, Оне, Она (They)могуће моћибуду могли/лe/лaсу могли/моглe/моглa; могли/ле/ла сумогошемогахубили/ле/ла су могли/лe/лa

References

  1. ^ Conjugation tables and explanations translated to English and adapted from: Stanojčić, Živojin; Popović, Ljubomir: Gramatika srpskoga jezika (Udžbenik za I, II, III i IV razred srednje škole), Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 2000.

 

All translations of Serbian conjugation


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