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Wikipedia

Syk

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For the school abbreviated SYK, see Helsingin Suomalainen Yhteiskoulu.
edit
Spleen tyrosine kinase

PDB rendering based on 1a81.
Available structures
1a81, 1csy, 1csz, 1xba, 1xbb, 1xbc
Identifiers
SymbolsSYK;
External IDsOMIM: 600085 MGI: 99515 HomoloGene: 2390 GeneCards: SYK Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez685020963
EnsemblENSG00000165025ENSMUSG00000021457
UniProtP43405Q3UPF7
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_003177NM_011518
RefSeq (protein)NP_003168NP_035648
Location (UCSC)Chr 9:
92.6 - 92.7 Mb		Chr 13:
52.6 - 52.66 Mb
PubMed search[1][2]

Spleen tyrosine kinase, also known as Syk, is an enyzme which in humans is encoded by the SYK gene.[1][2][3]

Contents

Function

SYK, along with Zap-70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases. These non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases share a characteristic dual SH2 domain separated by a linker domain.

While Syk and Zap-70 are primarily expressed in hematopoietic tissues, there is expression of Syk in a variety of tissues. Within B and T cells respectively, Syk and Zap-70 transmit signals from the B-Cell receptor and T-Cell receptor. Syk plays a similar role in transmitting signals from a variety of cell surface receptors including CD74, Fc Receptor, and integrins.

Clinical significance

Abnormal function of Syk has been implicated in several instances of hematopoeitic malignancies including translocations involving Itk and Tel. Constitutive Syk activity can transform B cells. Several transforming viruses contain "Immunoreceptor Tyrosine Activation Motifs" (ITAMs) which lead to activation of Syk including Epstein Barr virus, bovine leukemia virus, and mouse mammary tumor virus.

The role of Syk in epithelial malignancies is controversial. Several authors have suggested that abnormal Syk function facilitates transformation in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and head and neck cancer while other authors have suggested a tumor suppressor role in breast and gastric cancer.

Interactions

Syk has been shown to interact with PTPN6,[4][5] LYN,[6] FCGR2A,[7][8] Lck,[9] Grb2,[4][10] VAV1,[11][12][13] FYN,[14] PTK2,[15][16] Cbl gene[17][13][18] and CRKL.[19]

References

  1. ^ "Entrez Gene: SYK Spleen tyrosine kinase". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6850. 
  2. ^ Chan AC, Iwashima M, Turck CW, Weiss A (November 1992). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "ZAP-70: a 70 kd protein-tyrosine kinase that associates with the TCR zeta chain"]. Cell 71 (4): 649–62. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90598-7. PMID 1423621. 
  3. ^ Ku G, Malissen B, Mattei MG (1994). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Chromosomal location of the Syk and ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase genes in mice and humans"]. Immunogenetics 40 (4): 300–2. doi:10.1007/BF00189976. PMID 8082894. 
  4. ^ a b Ganju, R K; Brubaker S A, Chernock R D, Avraham S, Groopman J E (Jun. 2000). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Beta-chemokine receptor CCR5 signals through SHP1, SHP2, and Syk"]. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (23): 17263–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000689200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10747947. 
  5. ^ Dustin, L B; Plas D R, Wong J, Hu Y T, Soto C, Chan A C, Thomas M L (Mar. 1999). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Expression of dominant-negative src-homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 results in increased Syk tyrosine kinase activity and B cell activation"]. J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 162 (5): 2717–24. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 10072516. 
  6. ^ Sidorenko, S P; Law C L, Chandran K A, Clark E A (Jan. 1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Human spleen tyrosine kinase p72Syk associates with the Src-family kinase p53/56Lyn and a 120-kDa phosphoprotein"]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 92 (2): 359–63. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 7831290. 
  7. ^ Ibarrola, I; Vossebeld P J, Homburg C H, Thelen M, Roos D, Verhoeven A J (Jul. 1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Influence of tyrosine phosphorylation on protein interaction with FcgammaRIIa"]. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (NETHERLANDS) 1357 (3): 348–58. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 9268059. 
  8. ^ Kim, M K; Pan X Q, Huang Z Y, Hunter S, Hwang P H, Indik Z K, Schreiber A D (Jan. 2001). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Fc gamma receptors differ in their structural requirements for interaction with the tyrosine kinase Syk in the initial steps of signaling for phagocytosis"]. Clin. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 98 (1): 125–32. doi:10.1006/clim.2000.4955. ISSN 1521-6616. PMID 11141335. 
  9. ^ Thome, M; Duplay P, Guttinger M, Acuto O (Jun. 1995). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Syk and ZAP-70 mediate recruitment of p56lck/CD4 to the activated T cell receptor/CD3/zeta complex"]. J. Exp. Med. (UNITED STATES) 181 (6): 1997–2006. ISSN 0022-1007. PMID 7539035. 
  10. ^ Saci, Abdelhafid; Liu Wang-Qing, Vidal Michel, Garbay Christiane, Rendu Francine, Bachelot-Loza Christilla (May. 2002). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Differential effect of the inhibition of Grb2-SH3 interactions in platelet activation induced by thrombin and by Fc receptor engagement"]. Biochem. J. (England) 363 (Pt 3): 717–25. ISSN 0264-6021. PMID 11964172. 
  11. ^ Deckert, M; Tartare-Deckert S, Couture C, Mustelin T, Altman A (Dec. 1996). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Functional and physical interactions of Syk family kinases with the Vav proto-oncogene product"]. Immunity (UNITED STATES) 5 (6): 591–604. ISSN 1074-7613. PMID 8986718. 
  12. ^ Song, J S; Gomez J, Stancato L F, Rivera J (Oct. 1996). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Association of a p95 Vav-containing signaling complex with the FcepsilonRI gamma chain in the RBL-2H3 mast cell line. Evidence for a constitutive in vivo association of Vav with Grb2, Raf-1, and ERK2 in an active complex"]. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 271 (43): 26962–70. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8900182. 
  13. ^ a b Bertagnolo, V; Marchisio M, Brugnoli F, Bavelloni A, Boccafogli L, Colamussi M L, Capitani S (Apr. 2001). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Requirement of tyrosine-phosphorylated Vav for morphological differentiation of all-trans-retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells"]. Cell Growth Differ. (United States) 12 (4): 193–200. ISSN 1044-9523. PMID 11331248. 
  14. ^ Deckert, M; Elly C, Altman A, Liu Y C (Apr. 1998). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Coordinated regulation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl by Fyn and Syk tyrosine kinases"]. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 273 (15): 8867–74. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9535867. 
  15. ^ Chung, J; Gao A G, Frazier W A (Jun. 1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Thrombspondin acts via integrin-associated protein to activate the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3"]. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (23): 14740–6. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9169439. 
  16. ^ Sada, K; Minami Y, Yamamura H (Sep. 1997). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Relocation of Syk protein-tyrosine kinase to the actin filament network and subsequent association with Fak"]. Eur. J. Biochem. (GERMANY) 248 (3): 827–33. ISSN 0014-2956. PMID 9342235. 
  17. ^ Lupher, M L; Rao N, Lill N L, Andoniou C E, Miyake S, Clark E A, Druker B, Band H (Dec. 1998). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Cbl-mediated negative regulation of the Syk tyrosine kinase. A critical role for Cbl phosphotyrosine-binding domain binding to Syk phosphotyrosine 323"]. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 273 (52): 35273–81. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9857068. 
  18. ^ Melander, Fredrik; Andersson Tommy, Dib Karim (Mar. 2003). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Fgr but not Syk tyrosine kinase is a target for beta 2 integrin-induced c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination in adherent human neutrophils"]. Biochem. J. (England) 370 (Pt 2): 687–94. doi:10.1042/BJ20021201. ISSN 0264-6021. PMID 12435267. 
  19. ^ Oda, A; Ochs H D, Lasky L A, Spencer S, Ozaki K, Fujihara M, Handa M, Ikebuchi K, Ikeda H (May. 2001). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "CrkL is an adapter for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and Syk"]. Blood (United States) 97 (9): 2633–9. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 11313252. 

Further reading

  • Turner M, Schweighoffer E, Colucci F, et al. (2000). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Tyrosine kinase SYK: essential functions for immunoreceptor signalling."]. Immunol. Today 21 (3): 148–54. doi:10.1016/S0167-5699(99)01574-1. PMID 10689303. 
  • Fruman DA, Satterthwaite AB, Witte ON (2000). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Xid-like phenotypes: a B cell signalosome takes shape."]. Immunity 13 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00002-9. PMID 10933389. 
  • Yanagi S, Inatome R, Takano T, Yamamura H (2001). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Syk expression and novel function in a wide variety of tissues."]. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 288 (3): 495–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5788. PMID 11676469. 
  • Tohyama Y, Yamamura H (2006). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Complement-mediated phagocytosis--the role of Syk."]. IUBMB Life 58 (5-6): 304–8. doi:10.1080/15216540600746377. PMID 16754322. 
  • Schymeinsky J, Mócsai A, Walzog B (2007). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Neutrophil activation via beta2 integrins (CD11/CD18): molecular mechanisms and clinical implications."]. Thromb. Haemost. 98 (2): 262–73. PMID 17721605. 

External links


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