reference documentation on fulminate

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semantic web on fulminate

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definitions

fulminate (n.)

1.a salt or ester of fulminic acid

fulminate (v.)

1.cause to explode violently and with loud noise

2.come on suddenly and intensely"the disease fulminated"

3.criticize severely"He fulminated against the Republicans' plan to cut Medicare" "She railed against the bad social policies"

 
synonyms

fulminate (v.)

come down, go on, lash out, let fly, rage, rail, rave, scold, storm

 
phrases

-fulminate against • fulminate of mercury • mercury fulminate

-Mercury(II) fulminate • Potassium fulminate • Silver fulminate

 
analogic tree

fulminate

tid

gunpowder;powder[Classe]

wdn

fulminate

fulminate (n.)

wdn

fulminate

fulminate (v.)

tid

menace;threaten[Classe]

wdn

fulminate, lash out, rage, rave, storm

fulminate (v.)

wdn

fulminate

fulminate (v.)

wdn

fulminate

fulminate (v.)

wdn

fulminate, rail

 
Merriam-Webster (1913)

FulminateFul"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulminating.] [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.]
1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.

2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.

FulminateFul"mi*nate, v. t.
1. To cause to explode. Sprat.

2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.

They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees. De Quincey.

FulminateFul"mi*nate (?), n. [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating powder.

Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; -- called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.

 
Wikipedia

Fulminate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Structural formula of the fulminate ion
Structural formula of the fulminate ion
Look up fulminate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Fulminates are chemical compounds which include the fulminate anion. The fulminate anion is a pseudohalic anion, acting like a halogen with its charge and reactivity. Due to the instability of the anion, they are friction-sensitive explosives. The best known is mercury fulminate which has been used as a primary explosive in detonators. Fulminates can be formed from metals, like silver and mercury, dissolved in nitric acid and reacted with alcohol. The chemical formula for the fulminate anion is O-N+C-. It is largely the presence of the weak single nitrogen-oxygen bond which leads to its instability. Nitrogen very easily forms a stable triple bond to another nitrogen atom, forming gaseous nitrogen.

Contents

  • 1 Historical notes
  • 2 Compounds
  • 3 References
  • 4 See also

Historical notes

Fulminates were discovered by Edward Charles Howard in 1800.[1][2][3]. Their use in firearms in a fulminating powder was first demonstrated by a Scottish minister, A. J. Forsyth, in 1807. Joshua Shaw then made the transition to their use in metallic encapsulations, to form a percussion cap, but did not patent his invention until 1822.

In the 1820's the organic chemists Justus Liebig discovered silver fulminate (Ag-CNO) and Friedrich Wöhler discovered silver cyanate (Ag-NCO). The fact that these substances have the same chemical composition led to an acrid dispute, which was not resolved until Jöns Jakob Berzelius came up with the concept of isomers[4].

Compounds

  • Silver fulminate
  • Mercury(II) fulminate
  • Fulminic acid
  • Cyanate - has related OCN- structure

References

  1. ^ Edward Howard (1800). "On a New Fulminating Mercury.". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 90 (1): 204-238. 
  2. ^ F. Kurzer (1999). "The Life and Work of Edward Charles Howard". Annals of Science 56: 113-141. DOI:10.1080/000337999296445. 
  3. ^ Edward Charles Howard (1774-1816), Scientist and sugar refiner publisher = National Portrain Gallery (January 5, 2005). Retrieved on 2006-08-30.
  4. ^ Greenberg, Arthur (2000). A Chemical History Tour. John Wiley & Sons, 198-203. ISBN 0-471-35408-2. 

See also

  • percussion cap
  • internal ballistics
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../f/u/l/Fulminate.html"

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Licence : Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

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