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definitions

meniscus (n.)

1.(anatomy) a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a joint

2.(physics) the curved upper surface of a nonturbulent liquid in a vertical tube

3.(optics) a lens that is concave on one side and convex on the other

Merriam Webster

MeniscusMe*nis"cus (?), n.; pl. L. Menisci (-sī), E. Meniscuses (#). [NL., from Gr. mhni`skos, dim. of mh`nh the moon.]
1. A crescent.

2. (Opt.) A lens convex on one side and concave on the other.

3. (Anat.) An interarticular synovial cartilage or membrane; esp., one of the intervertebral synovial disks in some parts of the vertebral column of birds.

Converging meniscus, Diverging meniscus. See Lens.

synonyms

meniscus (n.)

semilunar cartilage

phrases

-Cystic meniscus • Cystic meniscus | anterior cruciate ligament or anterior horn of medial meniscus • Cystic meniscus | capsular ligament • Cystic meniscus | lateral collateral ligament or anterior horn of lateral meniscus • Cystic meniscus | medial collateral ligament or other and unspecified medial meniscus • Cystic meniscus | multiple sites • Cystic meniscus | other and unspecified lateral meniscus • Cystic meniscus | posterior cruciate ligament or posterior horn of medial meniscus • Cystic meniscus | posterior horn of lateral meniscus • Cystic meniscus | unspecified ligament or unspecified meniscus • Degenerate meniscus • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | anterior cruciate ligament or anterior horn of medial meniscus • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | capsular ligament • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | lateral collateral ligament or anterior horn of lateral meniscus • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | medial collateral ligament or other and unspecified medial meniscus • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | multiple sites • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | other and unspecified lateral meniscus • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | posterior cruciate ligament or posterior horn of medial meniscus • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | posterior horn of lateral meniscus • Derangement of meniscus due to old tear or injury | unspecified ligament or unspecified meniscus • Detached meniscus • Discoid meniscus (congenital) • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | anterior cruciate ligament or anterior horn of medial meniscus • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | capsular ligament • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | lateral collateral ligament or anterior horn of lateral meniscus • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | medial collateral ligament or other and unspecified medial meniscus • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | multiple sites • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | other and unspecified lateral meniscus • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | posterior cruciate ligament or posterior horn of medial meniscus • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | posterior horn of lateral meniscus • Discoid meniscus (congenital) | unspecified ligament or unspecified meniscus • Other meniscus derangements • Other meniscus derangements | anterior cruciate ligament or anterior horn of medial meniscus • Other meniscus derangements | capsular ligament • Other meniscus derangements | lateral collateral ligament or anterior horn of lateral meniscus • Other meniscus derangements | medial collateral ligament or other and unspecified medial meniscus • Other meniscus derangements | multiple sites • Other meniscus derangements | other and unspecified lateral meniscus • Other meniscus derangements | posterior cruciate ligament or posterior horn of medial meniscus • Other meniscus derangements | posterior horn of lateral meniscus • Other meniscus derangements | unspecified ligament or unspecified meniscus • Retained meniscus • Tear of meniscus, current • jaw (cartilage)(meniscus)

analogical dictionary

MESH root[Thème]

meniscus [MeSH]




optics[ClasseHyper.]

optics[Domaine]

Device[Domaine]

FieldOfStudy[Domaine]

optical device - natural philosophy, physics[Hyper.]

optical[Dérivé]

optical instrument[Desc]

meniscus (n.)


Wikipedia

Meniscus

                   
  A: The bottom of a concave meniscus.
B: The top of a convex meniscus.

The meniscus (plural: menisci, from the Greek for "crescent") is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, caused by surface tension. It can be either convex or concave. A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules have a stronger attraction to each other (cohesion) than to the material of the container (adhesion).[1] This may be seen between mercury and glass in barometers [1] and thermometers. Conversely, a concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container's, causing the surface of the liquid to cave downwards. This can be seen in a glass of water.

  A meniscus as seen in a burette of colored water.

Capillary action acts on concave menisci to pull the liquid up, increasing favorable contact area between liquid and container, and on convex menisci to pull the liquid down, reducing the amount of contact area. This phenomenon is important in transpirational pull in plants. Honey, water, milk etc. have a lower meniscus. When a tube of a narrow bore, often called a capillary tube, is dipped into a liquid and the liquid wets the tube (with zero contact angle), the liquid surface inside the tube forms a concave meniscus, which is a virtually spherical surface having the same radius, r, as the inside of the tube. The tube experiences a downward force of magnitude 2πrdσ[citation needed].

When reading a scale on the side of an instrument filled up with liquid, the meniscus must be taken into account in order to obtain a precise measurement. Manufacturers take the meniscus into account and calibrate their measurement marks relative to the resulting meniscus. The measurement is taken with the meniscus at eye level to eliminate parallax error, and at the center of the meniscus, i.e. the top of a convex meniscus, or the bottom of a concave meniscus. This means that the instrument is calibrated for one specific fluid, usually water.

  References

  1. ^ a b Moore, John W.; Stanitski, Conrad L.; Jurs, Peter C. Chemistry: The Molecular Science. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2005. 290.
   
               

 

All translations of meniscus


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